The Effect of the Aqueous Extracts of the Common Weeds in Iraq on Growth Rhizoctonia solani , Trichoderma harzianum and the seed germination of some important weeds

Abstract

The study aimed to know the effect of shoot and root extracts of the followingwild plants: Prickly alhagi (Alhagi maurorum), Palesting (Cuscuta palaestina),Wild oats(Aveno fatua), Cowbane (Chenopodiummurale), Aster (Aster tripolium), Field bind weed(Convolvulus arvensis), Suwad (Schanginina aegypiace), Cactus (Optunia sp.), Alkaliweed (Cretica cressa), Prostrate Pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides), Prickly lettuce(Lactuca secriola), Athel pine (Tamarix spp.), and (Conocarpus lancifolius Engl) on theradial growth of the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani and bio control agentTrichoderma harzianum . The study showed that the hot extract of palesting flament(Cuscuta palaestina) and (Conocarpus lancifolius Engl) were more effectiveness toinhibit the growth of R.solani at 5% concentration. The average of fungal growth was2.88 and 2.70 cm respectively compared with 3.88 cm in control treatment.The hot extract of palesting flowers at 10% concentration inhibited the radialgrowth of R.solani to 4.48 cm compared with 6.46 cm in the control treatment. Inaddition the results showed that the hot extract at concentrations 15,30 and 45% reducedthe seed germination of the weed Wild radish to 33.3 ,3.3 and 6.6 respectively ascompared with 63.3% , and the field bind weed to 10.0 and 3.3% at 30 and 45%concentrations as compared with 33.3% in the control Whereas the seed germination ofweed Common sow thistle were 32.1 and 18.3% in the above two concentrations ascompared with 84.7% in the control. In this study manual factory portable filtrationequipment was made from simple tools with low cost and high efficiency in filtration ofthe crude extraction. The new equipment helped to accelerate the filtration 38 timescompared with the ordinary method.