Effect of Methods and Interval Irrigation in Addition Soil Surface Mulching on Some Soil Properties and Production of Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera L. in South of Basrah 1- Moisture content and salt distribution in the soil

Abstract

The study was conducted in an agricultural field which located at the Abu-Al-Khaseeb /20 Km south of Basra City during the seasonal growth 2013 and 2014 on aland area about one hectare, in order to study the effect of method and interval irrigationand mulching soil surface in some physical and chemical properties of the soil andproduction of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Hillawi c. v. The results showed that theaddition of irrigation water by the irrigation methods (D, DS, S) increase the moisturecontent significantly for different depths of soil compared with traditional irrigationtreatment (tidal). Surface irrigation treatment shows higher values in the moisturecontent, followed by treatment of irrigation alternately then treated drip irrigation,irrigation with treated showed tidal lowest values. The irrigation methods (drip, dripsurface,surface) increased in moisture content values with lack of a period irrigation,especially when the interval 4 day. Moisture content of the irrigation methods treatmentsincreased significantly values morally using coverage, particularly nylon. The moisturecontent values increase significantly with depth for all experimental treatments, and shetook to decline at the end of the first season and the second compared to the first season.The use of irrigation methods (drip, drip-surface, surface) decreased the electricalconductivity values on different depths of soil compared with traditional irrigationtreatment (tidal), which maintained a significant increase in the electrical conductivityvalues, especially in (0-30 ,30-60 ,) cm depth, followed by treatment of drip irrigationand surface irrigation, The rotation treatment DS showed high efficiency in salts washingrate in all depths and recorded the lowest values in the electrical conductivity .The resultsshowed that the using of mulching, especially nylon contributed significantly in reducingthe electrical conductivity values, and that the exposed treatment showed higher values,as the results showed that the using of long interval increase in the electrical conductivityvalues .Other than increase the electrical conductivity values of the surface depth of alltreatments and it decreased significantly at both ends of the first and second seasons,compared with the beginning of the experiment except for the treatment of tidal whichremained conservative values until the end of the experiment.