A study of Immunoglobulins,Complements and Some Hematological Parameters Levels in Thalassemic Patients in Related Bacterial Infections

Abstract

Background: Thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobin are the most common genetic disorders and are considered health problems in many developing countries. Beta-Thalassemia major is the most familiar type, in which the beta-globin chain synthesis is impaired.Objective: To evaluation the concentrations of immunoglobulins IgM, IgG and IgA also the complements C3 and C4 between β-Thalassimic children patients and control group, and find the differences of some hematological parameters between the two groups, finally, isolation of some bacterial species causes the bacterial infections.Patients and Methods: The present study was performed on 40 β-thalassemia major children who were registered in the thalassemia center at Al-Karama teaching hospital in Baghdad and 20 healthy children as a control group from the period of September 2015-Augest 2016, the serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) and complement C3, C4 levels were measured also blood culture was done to identify the causative infection.Results: The mean serum concentrations of IgM, IgG and IgA in β-thalassemia major children were 1834.1 ± 312.2, 134.5 ± 40.3 and 212.7±89.6, respectively, and they were increased significantly (p≤0.05). The mean serum concentrations of C3 and C4 were consistently decreased in children and there were no significant differences (p≤0.05) between the two groups. The mean Hb of β- thalassemic children was 8.32±0.91 g/dl and this lower from the level of control, RBC count is also low 3.7±0.7 but the levels of WBCs was higher in β- thalassemic children 10.4±1.67, several types of bacterial specious were isolated included Staphylococcus aureus 30% (12 patients) , Escherichia coli 25%(10 patients) , Streptococcus pneumoniae 17.5% (7 patients), Salmonella enteritidis 10% (4 patients), Serratia marcescens 7.5% (3 patients), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5%(2 patients), Klebsiella pneumoniae 2.5%(1 patients) and Haemophilus influenza 2.5%(1patients). Conclusion: The alteration in serum immunoglobulins and complements levels in thalassemia major children probably can be due to marked heterogeneity of the patients,.