Effect of drought on the Tigris River and the production of some summer crops in Maysan Governorate for the period 1995-2016 using the standard rain index SPI

Abstract

AbstractThe study aimed at detecting the effect of drought on the low discharge of the Tigris and thus on the production of some agricultural crops identified by researchers in rice, sesame and cattle crops in Maysan province. This effect was studied using the standard rainfall index, which is symbolized by SPI. , And the duration of the climatic (22) years, and the research to the analysis of the reality of drought and the use of time series by dividing the period into two series of time, which are the series analysis of the annual rate of dry and wet years, and the study to highlight the effect of the recurrence of dry years and Wetlands on the fluctuation amounts of discharge Tigris River in the province of Maysan, through the election of two years, one wet and the other dry. The impact of the drought on the fluctuation of discharge of the Tigris River in Maysan Governorate, based on three hydrological stations namely Ali Al Gharbi (north of the governorate), Amara station (central governorate) and Qalaat Saleh station (south of the governorate) The study noted the years of dry classification characterized by a clear decrease in the amount of water discharge. This has a clear effect on the low quantity of production of the studied crops, while the wet years characterized by a significant increase in the amount of discharge which contributes to the increase in the quantity of production for the crops themselves, The research concluded that the rice crop is the most affected by drought conditions because of the water needs that are difficult to meet with the shortage of water resources in light of high temperatures and low total rainfall in the Tigris and Euphrates basin in general and Iraq in particular. It was also found that there was variation in the cultivated areas of sesame crop over successive years, and it was also found that the cattle crop was also affected by its cultivated area and its production drought phenomenon in the province during the summer season.