Andalusia Ages, Intellectual Reform and Epistemological Development New periodization Study of the Morisco Era / 1492-1609 AD

Abstract

After the glorious ages during the Andalusian civilization which was characterized by science, scientists and their works, Andalusia became a destination for science and literature led by researchers and scholars from all over the world where they aimed to get scientific benefits. The fates, however, had it that the wonderful legend of prosperity and progress should end in all ways of life, "The Kingdom of Granada" handed over the last Andalusia kingdoms to "Fernando and his wife Elisabella" in 897 AH / 1492 AD, by the "Sons of the Red", which the researchers called the last era of Andalusia. Hence the research was entitled the "Morisco era" relative to the Moriscos, who were named after the settlement with the "Mudejar" brothers in the year 1492 AD - 907 AH, and I believe that this put the "Morisco era" as the last Andalusian age, a new ninth age added to Andalusia; nine ages, not eight.Why the Morisco era? It is not reasonable for a people to perish by changing their own king or authority, although they lived about twenty years with the various types of psychological oppression, physical torment, displacement, exclusion, expulsion, and murder. In spite of all this, the impoverished class left us with colors of literature and forms of religious knowledge that demonstrated their adherence to their "human identity", including homeland, religion, and language reflecting their level of knowledge. At that time, the inquisitions have worked hard to dissolve this identity. Their heritage has become evident describing their pain, oppression, dedication and aspiration to preserve their identity. Spanish and Tunisian scholars and researchers, following long years of search for Andalusian literary output through investigations and studies of Morisco manuscripts, have unfortunately entered a period of slumber and fainting. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the period of time that the Moriscos lived after Granada was handed over until the decision of the final expulsion was taken in (1609-1492 AD) (1103-897 AH). I proposed my project to the Faculty of Arts / Arabic Language Department / University of Mustansiriya in Baghdad after a five-year study on the Moriscan heritage. I remained, for three years, teaching Morisco literature to undergraduates of the third stage. Like other societies, the Moriscos had a literary and religious heritage, not to mention the nature and themes of which they are based according to its intellectual system at that time for which we should set a time or an era, like other peoples and societies with an intellectual heritage. It is the natural state of the intellectual and cultural life of peoples in the course of human civilizations, and literature is the mirror of peoples. It reflects the conditions of that society with sincerity and spontaneity. Thus, the Morisco literature was a talking document depicting the tragedies that the Moriscos had suffered from and the great persecution and genocide they experienced at the hands of the Inquisitions.Morisco literature is a literary phenomenon: After the handover of Granada in 897 AH (1492 AD), the Morisco literary heritage became qualitatively and quantitatively a literary phenomenon that cannot be ignored by historians and orientalists, as well as specialists in Andalusian literature and its history in the Arab world. Itamar Even-Zohar believes that "the literary phenomenon" is consistent with its emergence and popularity during a certain historical moment. According to the literary and historical data, the image of the Andalusian society has become complete starting from the conquest to the final expulsion, but not to the surrender of Granada. It seems hard to logically explain how a people, like that of Andalusia, simply disappeared once the "Treaty of Extradition of Granada" was signed, and hence dissolved in the Christian community that used to be governed by it months before the treaty was signed. In this way, the Andalusian people must regain their human identity of religion, language and homeland. According to the French critic, "Roland Bart" 1915-1980, literature only exists when it is taught, and this is what I want to arrive at: Morisco literature as a school material; to be preserved in the memory of generations, and become a part of the Arab literature, Islamic and global literary heritage.