Performance ، Hybrid vigor and Estimating Some Genetic Parameters in Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill )

Abstract

Seeds of six inbred lines ( 1- AbH-P-3 ، 2- AbK-Y-1 ، 3- AbK-R-13 ، 4- AbK-Y-2 ، 5- AbK-R-9and 6- AbR-7 ) of Tomato were planted in field of Horticulture Department at the Collage of AgricultureUniversity of Baghdad ( Alternative site of Anbar – University ) Abu-Ghraib ، Using Full diallelcross to produce 30 diallel and reciprocal hybrids ، In 2017 . Seeds of parents ، diallel and reciprocalhybrids and control hybrid ( Newton ) were planted in the Field of Organic Researches Center ،Ministry of Agriculture Abu Ghraib ، in 2018 ، using Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD)with three replicates ، to study the performance ، hybrid vigor and estimating some genetic Parametersof yield and yield components of Tomato according to Griffing (1956b) Method 1 ، Model 1 .Significant differences were found among genotypes ( parents ، diallel and reciprocal hybrids ) forall studied traits . The parents (2 and 4 ) were superior and gave highest mean in yield and in numberof fruit per plant and Parent 5 in fruit weight ، fruit length and fruit diameter .The diallel hybrid (1*2)was superior and gave highest mean (5478.14 g.p-1) and the hybrid (1 x 3) gave highest hybrid vigor( 378.18 %) in yield per plant . The hybrid (2*3) was superior and gave highest mean ( 112.07 g )and highest hybrid vigor (79.69%) for fruit weight . The hybrid (4*6) was superior and gave highestmean ( 7.27cm ) and highest hybridvigor (38.85%) for fruit diameter . The reciprocal hybrid (6*4)was superior and gave highest mean ( 5546.14 g.p-1 ) and highest hybrid vigor (205.33%) for yieldper plant . The reciprocal hybrid (6*2) was superior and gave highest mean (109.0 g ) and highest hybridvigor (45.96%) for fruit weight ، and was superior and gave highest mean (5.90 cm) and highesthybrid vigor (29.20%) for fruit length . The values of dominance genetic variance were more than thevalues of additive genetic variance for yield per plant ، number of fruit per plant ، fruit weight ، fruitlength and fruit diameter ، and this reflects that the reduction of the values of narrow sense heritability، and on the values of the average degree of dominance which were more than one in all studied traits. while in the reciprocal hybrids The values of additive genetic variance were more than the values ofdominance genetic variance in diaallelhybrids all and this reflects that the increased of the values ofnarrow heritability and the reduction of the values of average degree of dominance were less than one. While in fruit weight and fruit diameter traits the values of additive genetic variance were less thanthe values of dominance genetic variance and this reflects that the reduction of the values of narrowsense heritability . and on the values of the average degree of dominance were more than one .