Babylon and the application of justice

Abstract

The city of Babylon has enjoyed wide international fame, in the past and present, but it is one of the most famous cities in the ancient world as a whole. It was glorified by the ancient Babylonians themselves, and the Old Testament, the holy book of the Jews, was written about it, and the classic writers mentioned it and described its huge buildings, and the Arab writers referred to it, and it is the only Iraqi city mentioned in the Holy Quran.One of the reasons for Babylon’s fame was that it was the center of two empires that had their own in the history of Mesopotamia in particular and the history of the ancient Near East in general, namely the Hammurabi Empire that united all parts of Mesopotamia in the mid-eighteenth century BC, and the Empire of Nebuchadnezzar II, which extended its political, cultural and military influence. To the Nile Valley and Assyria preceding it, as he mentioned among the reasons for the fame of the city of Babylon. The Book of the Old Testament about it and its late kings despite the view of the Jewish rabbis biased against the Babylonians who destroyed their kingdom and deported a number of its inhabitants to the country of Babylon, where they lived under the civilization of Babylon, and they quote | Among them is a lot, and among the reasons for Babylon’s fame also is what classic writers wrote about it from the witnesses of some of its buildings and huge buildings, foremost of which is the amphitheater of Babylon, the Temple of Isacala, and the Hanging Gardens that became one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Her previous fame.Despite all the fame that the city of Babylon enjoyed, the researchers did not focus in their writings and research on the role of the kings of Babylon in the field of legislation and the application of justice, while this city had a prominent and pioneering role in that, as confirmed by the cuneiform texts discovered in Babylon and outside.From the period of the prosperity of the first city of Babylon, which was the period of the reign of King Hammurabi (18 - 125 B.C.), we reached the most complete and mature of the old Iraqi laws, which are the laws known under the name of this king, which gained international fame in all circles parallel to the fame of the city of Babylon itself and may sometimes surpass it.