EFFECT OF SOME PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR AND HERBICIDES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF BREAD WHEAT AND COPAUINN WEEDS

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at the field of Crops Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Abu Ghraib during the winter seasons of 2011 and 2012. The objective of the experiments was to study effect of plant growth regulator and herbicide on yield and quality of wheat (IPA 99 var.). Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The experiment had the treatments of plant growth regulator (Ethephon 0.600 kg.ha-1 and Cycocel 0.277 kg.ha-1) and herbicides (Pallas 500 ml.ha-1, Lancelot 33 g.ha-1 and Chevalier 320 g.ha-1). The result showed that Pallas herbicide caused 100% weed control during 30, 60 and 90 days after treatment, while Lancelot caused 100% weed control during 30 and 60 days after treatment, but chevalier caused 100% weed control during 30 days only. In addition, Pallas treatment significantly increased spike number, grain per spike, grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index by 46.6%, 38.6%, 57.1%, 44.1% and 10.8% for the first season, respectively. Lancelot treatment significantly increased protein content and weight of 1000 grain by 6.3% and 9.7% for the first season, respectively. Moreover, Pallas treatment significantly increased spike number, weight of 1000 grain and grain yield by 108.8%, 8.8% and 77.1% for the second season, respectively. Lancelot treatment significantly increased grain per spike by 39.4% for the second season, respectively. Ethephon treatment significantly increased spike number, grain per spike and grain yield by 31.1%, 26.6% and 44.4% for the first season, respectively, while Cycocel treatment significantly increased weight of 1000 grain by 9.6% for the first season. Also, Ethephon significantly increased grain per spike, weight of 1000 grain and grain yield by 25.9%, 20.8% and 28.8% for the second season, respectively. Also, Cycocel significantly increased spike number and biomass yield by 6.1% and 8.8% for the second season, respectively. The interaction between herbicides (Pallas and Lancelot) and plant growth regulators and without regulator gave 100% weed control for both seasons. The interaction between Pallas and Ethephon significantly increased spike number, grain per spike and grain yield by 117.1%, 74.5% and 148.0% for the first season, respectively. The interaction between Pallas and Cycocel significantly increased biomass yield by 110.1% for the first season, respectively. The interaction between Lancelot and Ethephon significantly increased weight of 1000 grain by 23.0% for the first season. The interaction between Lancelot and Cycocel significantly increased spike number and grain per spike by 132.4% and 83.2% for the second season, respectively. The interaction between Lancelot and Ethephon significantly increased harvest index by 89.9% for the second season, respectively. The interaction between Pallas and Ethephon significantly increased weight of 1000 grain by 39.9% for the second season.