Preparation of Four Organic Composts to Agricultural purpose from local wastes and evalution of its maturity in the laboratory and in the field

Abstract

This study was conducted in Horticltuure Dept.-College of Agriculture-University of Anbar (110 km west of Baghdad) during 2010 /2012 to prepair four organic composts to agricultural purpose using the aerobic fermentation process to the available local wastes. The essential components of organic composts were included Corn cobs 35% , Saw dust 25% , Poultry manure 20% and Cattle manure 20% with or without Rock phosphate 2% and 1% Trichoderma fungi Tthis experiment was coducted as Completely Randomized Design (CRD).The evaluation of the maturity was measured by physical and chemical properties of the composts in the laboratory and biologically by seed germination for two defferent plant species ( (Cucmber (Cucumis sativus L) and Turnip (Brassica rapa) ) as afactorial experiment with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)The evaluation of the organic composts was carried out as a seeds bed in field where the organic composts alone or with 50% raver silt soil was used as a seed bed compared with imported peatmoss as a control treatment hot pepper seed (Capsicum annuum) local varietywas used in this expermint and was conducted as a factorial expermint with RCBD.All data were statically analysised and examined by LSD (P≥ 0.05).Results indicated that the composts maturity by using its extracts showed that the treatment A4 (Compost of organic wastes with 2% rock phosphate +1% Trichoderma). higher germination percentage for turnip (77.4%) and higher germination index for curcumber and turnip (252 and 252.9 respectively). Whiele the treatment A3 (Compost of organic wastes with 1% Trichoderma) gavne higher germination percentage day cucumber seeds (65.4%).The composting process show effective role on germination percentage and germination index for Cucumber and Turnip which were 70.2% , 72.7% , 313 and 242.8 respectively. Composts amendement with Chemical fertilizer were increased Cucumber seed germination percentage whilst Turnip germination percentage was reduced.The intraction between compost and composting process showed statical differences in seed germination percentage where treatment A4B2 (Compost of organic wasts with 2% rock phosphate + Trichoderma) after finished of composting process gave higher germination percentage 73.7% and 97.5 and higher germination index 450 and 375.0 for cucumber and turnip respectively.The best results of seed germination percent was found the treatment A4B2C1 (compost of organic wast with 2% rock phosphate + 1% Trichoderma ) after completing composting process without amendement of chemical fertilizer which was 100% for Turnip.The result of field germination expirment where the prepared composts was used as a substrate the treatment T11 (compost of organic wasts with 2% rock phosphate +1% Trichoderma).gave better germination percentage for hot Pepper seeds.91.6% . Treatment T11with Chemical fertilizer amendment gevin 96.6% , germination with fertilizer amendment.