التصحر وتأثيره في مستقبل الامن الغذائي في العراق

Abstract

Desertification negative phenomenon spread widely from Iraq , a process that results in striking environment with all its components of the flora and fauna , soil , water and land of any striking structural life of the groups of mankind, and is caused by the interaction is not appropriate for a person with the requirements of the environment and the wealth of the land as well as changes or climatic fluctuations occurring . As a natural at the global level or as a by - product has a long history of land use at the local level . The negative effects of the transformation of productive land to semi- desert , Valemraaa not produce fodder , agricultural land for Attenbt planted and irrigated land saturated saline water and soil decay and become invalid .That the phenomenon of desertification in Iraq and accelerates estimated area of dunes and sand flats around 6 million acres . The estimated land threatened by desertification , which amounts to 238 thousand km 2 , ie 54.7% , as well as desertified land as amounting to 167 thousand km 2 , and 38.4% of the area of Iraq, amounting to 435 thousand km 2 , an area that can be increased in the case of failure to take appropriate action to reduce the spread to other areas.The shortfall in production of food leads to lack of parallelism in supply and demand and the accompanying disintegration and the volatility in the structural social and economic development, and the loss of land and wide have tremendous potential if reclaimed , as well as loss of riches life huge cultivated plants and pastures , forests and animals.That desertification cases have been identified on the basis of some of the indicators in the agricultural productivity of the land and the quality of natural vegetation in natural pastures and soil erosion. Where desertification in Iraq in the forms and different manifestations that threaten neighboring areas of villages and farms and oases , water wells , roads, civilian and military installations , and take sand varied forms of the dunes on the factors wind speed and direction and topography -grained sand and forms and speed relative to the wind.Desertification reasons known scientific and technical knowledge exists to stop it and overcome it. This knowledge is good for self - management of the Earth 's natural wealth and follow an integrated development plan be combating desertification essential part to Atnvsal about the foundations of social and economic growth and cultural development