TY - JOUR ID - TI - The Water Wars in Furat Al-Hidiya Region حروب المياه في منطقة فرات الهندية AU - Prof . Dr. Fallah Mahmood Khidhir Al-Bayati أ.د. فلاح محمود خضر البياتي PY - 2015 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 59 EP - 95 JO - KARBALĀʾ HERITAGE Quarterly Authorized Journal Specialized in Karbalāʾ Heritage مجلة تراث كربلاء SN - 23125489 24103292 AB - AbstractIraq has witnessed many combats among its tribes becauseof the distributed water shares which are devoted for the irrigatedlands that belong to these tribes. Furat Al-Hindiya was one of theseregions of Iraq that had fights for this reason and its populationwere also in constant revolts against paying taxes to the authority.This obliged the government to build dikes on the banks of thegreat rivers to control the rebelled regions or to dry up the marshesthat were used by the aggressive tribes there.In this province, the Ottomans had already worked to establishsome simple harbors to contain canoes and tiny ships used inwaterier regions. So, they could have subdued the tribes inHindiya. In addition, In 1841, they built a dike on Furat Al-HindiyaRiver to dry up the Uwaina marsh and then to subjugate BaniHassan tribes there, as in 1849.The Ottomans themselves tried to punish tribes of Affak andDaghaara in 1869 by blocking out the waters and preventingthe cultivated lands there from irrigation. Similarly, the Britishoccupiers used the waters as a punishment over the tribes ofKerbala, for the latter revolted against them, used Furat Al-Hindiyain propulsion of their warships and hit the revolted tribes in Kufa.A British warship was bombed and ruined by the revolted tribes inAl-Raranjiya battle near Kufa during the revolution of 1920.

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