TY - JOUR ID - TI - Periodontal Status and Treatment Need in Relation to Gender and Smoking Methods AU - Nada K Imran PY - 2019 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 35 EP - 46 JO - Journal of Oral and Dental Research مجلة طب الفم والاسنان SN - 23106417 AB - Background Pathogenesis of periodontal diseases is known to be modulated by range of risk factors. These factors may negatively affect periodontal health and increase the demand of more complicated treatment approach. Different smoking types and potentially gender is among risk factors that require further highlighting. To investigate possible relation of gender and different smoking methods with periodontal health status and treatment needs in sample of Iraqi patients. Materials and methods The current cross-sectional prospective study included 638 patients in final analysis. They were grouped according to gender, smoking status and smoking methods. Demographic data were recorded followed by plaque index, gingival index, and probing pocket depth. Treatment demand was determined by using Basic Periodontal Examination index. Results Men were more affected by periodontitis than women and plaque scores and more complicated treatment needs were significantly higher in men than women. Clinical parameters were significantly higher in smokers as compared to non smokers. According to smoking type, cigarette smoking was associated with significantly higher pocket depth than other smoking methods. Nevertheless, all smoking types were significantly higher than non smokers in regard with pocket depth and treatment needs. Conclusions Based on the results of this pilot study, gender could influence the severity and extent of periodontal diseases. All smoking types showed negative impact on periodontal health and increase the need of complicated treatment.

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