@Article{, title={Phenotypic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and Metallo Beta Lactamase of Multi Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Causing Nosocomial Infections in Erbil City}, author={}, journal={Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science مجلة علوم المستنصرية}, volume={30}, number={4}, pages={51-56}, year={2019}, abstract={Background: Resistance to broad spectrum beta lactams, mediated by extended spectrum beta lactamases, and metallo beta lactamase enzymes, is an increasing problem worldwide. The main aim is to study phenotypic characterization of extended spectrum beta lactamases and metallo beta lactamase multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Erbil City. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria were isolated from patients of all age groups from clinical specimens sputum, blood, pus, wound swab, urine and body fluids (Pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid). Samples were collected from different medical wards and intensive care unit departments of hospitals in Erbil City for a period of one year from March 2018-to-March 2019. Isolates were tested for the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamases and metallo beta lactamase. Detection of extended spectrum beta lactamases was done by the combined disk diffusion method, while metallo beta lactamase was detected by meropenem and imipenem combined with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disk method. Results: Twenty-five percent (28) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were positive for extended spectrum beta lactamases, while 100 % (112) were metallo beta lactamase producers. Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming a global medical challenge due to the emergence of multi-drug resistance. Newer beta lactamase is a matter of concern as they are developing rapidly and lead to treatment failure. Carbapenems are known to be effective therapeutic agents for Acinetobacter baumannii infections and its resistance limits the use to polymyxins and colistin. Several new medicines are still in research and combination of drug therapy is being used in hospitals together to treat multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.

} }