TY - JOUR ID - TI - The position of Mu'tazila and Ash'ari on the mind موقف المعتزلة و الأشاعرة من العقل AU - Hijran Abdul Ilah Ahmed هجران عبد الإِله احمد AU - Ruy Abdul-Jabbar رؤى زبیر عبد الجبار PY - 2021 VL - 51 IS - 85 SP - 627 EP - 644 JO - Adab AL Rafidayn اداب الرافدين SN - 03782867 26642506 AB - The importance of the mind was not that it was the tool used by the speakers in defense of Sharia, the only reason for their concern for the intellect, but rather for the connection of the mind with other verbal problems, which plagued the Islamic thought in general and the verbal thought in particular, which is the problem of "reason and transmission" and this problem called the basis for many verbal problems, no Rather, the difference in the beginning with the mind or the transmission indicates the difference in the Islamic difference and in the perception of the relationship between them. The position of the Mu'tazila and the Ash'ari on the mind can be summed up in it that both schools agreed on the consideration leading to the knowledge of God Almighty is a duty, but they differed in the method of proving it. There is no need for Sharia to prove it, just as they believed in agreement between the mind and the transmission. But if the mind disagrees with the transmission, "the mind is taken and the transmission is interpreted. "The Alash'ari have tried to reconsider the role of the mind, and they went not to give the mind absolute importance, because giving the absolute importance to the mind does not always lead to the support of the Sharia, but rather it requires the negation of the law and its replacement with the intellect, just as the Mu'tazila said that the mind is not able to comprehend the rulings of God, so it must be The messengers are sent, and that the way to prove God.

یهدف هذا البحث بیان موقف المتکلمین من العقل، وإِبراز دوره الحقیقی ومنزلته عند الفرق الکلامیة مقتصرًا على فرقتین من أبرز الفرق الإِسلامیة وهما "المعتزلة والاشاعرة"، حیث جعلت المعتزلة للعقل سلطة واسعة ونفوذ کبیر، بحیث جعلت النص الدینی خاضع للعقل وتابع له، لانهم امنوا بان طریق إثبات الله بالعقل وحده، وان العقل هو المرشد الى الحق وهو اداة لإدراک المعرفة الدینیة. اما الاشاعرة على الرغم من اتفاقهم على ضرورة استخدام العقل فی معرفة الله وان النظر العقلی والتفکر فی الدین امر واجب، الا أنهم حاولوا إعادة النظر فی دور العقل، ای انهم لم یعطوا اهمیة مطلقة للعقل على حساب الشرع، لکون العقل وأحکامه متغیرة وغیر ثابتة، وهو بذلک لا یصل؛ لأنَّ یقوم مقام الشرع، لذلک ذهبوا الى عدم إعطاء العقل الأهمیة المطلقة، لأن إعطاء الأهمیة المطلقة للعقل لا تقضی الى دعم الشرع دائماً. ER -