TY - JOUR ID - TI - ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FOULING ON THE CRUDE OIL FLOW. A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AU - Zaid A. Abdulhussein AU - Zainab T. Al-Sharify AU - Mohammed Alzuraiji AU - Helen Onyeaka PY - 2023 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 317 EP - 338 JO - Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD) مجلة الهندسة والتنمية المستدامة SN - 25200917 25200925 AB - Investigating important challenges to eliminate crude oil fouling in pipelines needs to be studied thoroughly. According to environmental and economic issues, fouling in pipelines increases the price of crude oil. According to chemical and environmental experts, the loss in heat required additional energy to compensate which meant higher fuel consumption and more carbon emissions into the atmosphere. The increase in fluid flow rate combined with a constant drop in pressure is dangerous for pipelines. In addition, the Iraqi crude oils block refinery preheat trains because they contain very little asphaltene. The fouling of a variety of these crude oils and their blends is examined in this paper. Fouling may be caused by four major processes: solid particles, corrosion, sedimentation, and chemical reaction.

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