TY - JOUR ID - TI - Accuracy and precision of a photographic system for the three-dimensional study of facial morphology AU - Shwan E Abdulkareem شوان عبد الكريم AU - Nagham Al-Mothaffar نغم المظفر PY - 2012 VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 138 EP - 145 JO - Journal of baghdad college of dentistry مجلة كلية طب الاسنان بغداد SN - 18171869 23115270 AB - Background: Facial analysis is vital for orthodontic treatment planning but traditional methods of facial analysis areincapable of fully capturing the three-dimensional complexity of the human face. The purpose of this study was todetermine the precision and accuracy of facial anthropometric measurements obtained through low-cost digitalthree-dimensional photogrammetry system.Materials and methods: Eighteen standard craniofacial measurements were obtained from faces of thirty youngadults using two methods: calipers and 3D photos (obtained with a Photomodeler system). After markinganthropometric landmarks on the faces of the sample, direct measurements were taken using calipers then fivephotographs were taken at different angles and 3D model constructed and the same measurement were takenusing Photomodeler. Differences between two methods were calculated. To test the precision of the newphotogrammetric system, measurements were repeated on the same photographs by the researcher and then byanother examiner and also a new set of photographs were taken for each individual and measurements were doneon them. Three different precision estimates were calculated to measure random error for the new method.Results: Systematic errors between the two methods were found for seven measurements but most mean differenceswere clinically insignificant (below 2 mm). In terms of measurement precision, no systematic biases were foundbetween repeated measurements on the same photographs or on different photographs and our precisionestimates showed a clinically acceptable level of repeatability for the Photomodeler system.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Photomodeler 3D photogrammetry system can provide accurate and reliablefacial measurements. It is relatively fast and requires only inexpensive equipment

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