Abstarct

The color photography process is studied with using test paper in the box which was possible to control with its light by fluorescent lamp and a group of different images at different intensities of light are captured (at different voltages) and calculate the power of the light system , Analysis these images and calculate the standard deviation and the mean for the intensities values for RGB bands and L the brightness component and estimate the quantity effect of the sensors of the enet web camera by changing the intensity of light of the fluorescent lamp . The relation between standard deviation although the mean for the color bands RGB and L the brightness component for the captured images with the power of illumination system .We observed rigidity and stability in distribution of the intensity of light for all color bands from (0-60) volt which the sensors of the web camera an able to sense through this range of the light voltages and observed with increasing the supplied power of the system increasing the mean value and this increase take parabola form and rigidity and stability occurred in the mean value for all color bands with continuity of increasing . Also, observed stability in the standard deviation value at low different light less than (80) volt which there wasn’t noise in this range of voltages and the noise increase at high intensities of light for the fluorescent lamp until it reach level of stability again and for all color bands RGB and L component .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In the present work, oxygen pressure effect on optical and FTIR spectrum of MgO dielectric oxide thin film has been carried out using Reactive Pulsed Laser as a Deposition technique (RPLD),werer (7nsec) Nd-YAG laser has been use to ablated pure Mg target and deposited on glass substrates. This has been done at different oxygen back ground pressure ranged from (150-300) mbar and constant substrate temperature of (423K).The result shows that the bond formation between Mg and oxygen atoms is directly depended on the back ground oxygen pressure. The optical properties of MgO films show that high transparency of about (80-85) % can be achieved with MgO film which it self decreases sharply with the decreasing of oxygen pressure. While the optical ban gap is 5.01eV at optimum oxygen pressure of (200) mbar.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Color imaging effective field for since research it is continue development as a result to fast development that happened in computer world. The studies text image is a part of this development .In this research we are imaging three types of text which are writing in arabic language on wight background by digital camera and the picturing happen in complete lumence to the room , by using Soble operator to determine the edges for the different text images then we are study the contrast mean for the image edges as afunction of the distance between the black bored and camera.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Bending strength for phenolic resin type (hydroquinone resin) reinforced E-glass and carbon fiber have been studied, in terms of mechanical properties, which are subject to changes in fiber volume fraction. The specimens candidates for this study were pure matrix hydroquinone, carbon fibers hydroquinone composites, and E-glass fibers hydroquinone composites with (20, 40, 60, and 70) Vol. % . Hot press technique was used to prepare the composites as well as hydroquinone specimens using flash mold at standard conditions. The bending testing machine type Instron was used in 3- points bending strength mode to calculate the yield point, Young modulus, and flexural strength according to standard ASTM D 790. Bending strength results show that the strength values were increased progressively by succession of volume fraction of fibers in general. For E- glass mat composites, flexural strength results showed a linear dependence with the fibers volume fraction. These linear relationships are strongly influenced with the reinforced condition and they are attributed to the response of the composites to the bending test conditions. Such responses were appeared as plastic deformation associated with the damage observed. The experimental observation of the failure specimens are in good agreement with fracture mechanism, which concerned with pull out mechanism. Hardness and densities values coupled with optical microscopy were evidenced to the results

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this research the intrinsic modal birefringence has been measured for single- mode optical fiber without any extrinsic effect .It was taken a single- mode optical fiber ,the diameter of core material was (5µm) and the total diameter was (210µm) for different lengths of this fiber. Show the result has been obtained from research which the magnitude of model birefringence of this fiber (B=5.74×10-7 deg.m-1), beat length (Lb=1.09m) and the value of the difference in the propagation constants between the two axis the fast and the slow (Δ β=328 deg.m-1).

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The image potential and ensuing forces induced by a charged particle moving parallel to a solid surface are investigated by using a dielectric formulation for a semi-infinite dispersive taking into the consideration a damping. The model parameters may be adjusted to provide a very good agreement with the optical-data integrations of the stopping and lateral forces on the moving charge, or by taking dielectric of Random Phase Approximation. The wake potential, stopping and lateral forces of proton in Al, Cu, Ag, and Au solids are in good agreement with experimental previous work

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The importance of the study the contrast lies in two things: first is to know the visibility of the written text to compare the visibility text with other text written on the same plate, and the study of visibility for same text differ by differ the using color and by text background. i.e. by depend on contrast between the text and background. In this research we study two types of contrast (statistical contrast and direct contrast) on text which written on a whiteboard by multi-colors (red, green, blue and black) in light classrooms and study the effect the change of the distance of scenes (camera) on the range of visibility of this text. Shown us that distances of near to be the contrast was high (the text more clearly), also found that the statistical contrast to show the details the written text is the best from direct contrast, and different colors on the plate found that the blue color compare with red and green color is more visibility if it written on whiteboard in the same lighting conditions of the classroom, which was filmed in which texts.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In the present work some of properties for Extensive Air Showers are discussed. The number of charge particles (N) as a function of primary energy E0 is estimated at the energy range (1013-1016) eV. In longitudinal developments of Extensive Air Showers, the depth of shower at maximum Xmax, was calculated for electromagnetic and hadronioc cascade at the same energy range. The dependence of inelasticity, which is described by the parameter (k), is used for describing the variation of muons numbe

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

To determine the accuracy of the details for the text written on a whiteboard is determined through the visibility of this text and contrast between the text and board is written and the separation distance between the vision and written text as well as light and his kind, and the contrast of the major role to determine the details of the written text of what determines the degree of clarity or deceiving the text, and the high contrast between text and the written painting we found more apparent. In this research, we have to write text on a white plant on (red, green, blue, and black) in dark classrooms (without lighting) and studied the contrast of written text, we concluded that the written text in black color on a white board in the dark classrooms is more clear than we written in the other colors in the same conditions, and the distance a role in determine the details of the text if it is found that the more the distance the text is far less clear and there was difficulty in determining the details of the discrepancy because the contrast is this case is little.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Undoped and Co doped ZnO samples with two different percentage of Co content (1 %, 3 % ) were prepared by a chemical spray deposition technique. The effect of doping with cobalt on the absorption spectra of ZnO thin films has been studied. The optical transmission (T %) in the wavelength range (300-1100) nm of films deposited on glass was measured. The absorption coefficient exhibits exponential dependence on photon energy obeying Urbach’s rule in the absorption edge, it was found to be doping dependent. Optical constants like refractive index, extinction coefficient and dielectric constants (εr),( εi) are calculated and correlated with sputtering time

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this research, samples were prepared as films of PMMA with different thicknesses (100, 120, 140, 160) m, undoped and doped by Titanium salt with a wight ratios vary from 1% to 5% to study the electrical properties with different temperatures rang from 40OC to 100OC. The results showed increase in electrical conductivity from 10-15(.cm)-1 to 10-10(.cm)-1 with the increasing of doping ratio and a decrease in the electrical conductivity with the increase of thickness. The activation energy was decrease with the doping ratio increase, and it increase with the thickness increase.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The Principle objective of Images enhancement is to process an image so that result is more suitable than original image for specific application. This search describe a new image enhancement algorithm which is apply to enhance low lightness images called adaptive histogram equalization AHD algorithm dependent on YIQ color space via processed only lightness component then used inverse transformation from YIQ color space to basic color space and color correction dependent on retinex theory. The results was compared with Histogram Equalization HE algorithm by calculate normalize mean square error NMSR between processed images and original images with fair lightness, histogram of both method enhancement was a account. Adaptive algorithm has best efficiency in enhanced low lightness compared with HE algorithm.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In the present work, structural properties investigated of pure(SnO2) thin films and doped by Antimony (1,2,3,4,5 wt.%) which prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis were deposited on (550ºC) glass substrates with a thickness of (250 nm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that films are polycrystalline in nature, the deposited films exhibit excellent crystalline structure with (110),(101) preferential orientation. doping with Antimony caused increase the grain size, decrease of dislocation density, micro strain, and interplaner spacing in general.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

All doped ZnO thin film was prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation technique. The effect of incident photon energy on the optical (carrier concentration and conductivity ) of the prepared sample , depending on the transmission, absorption and extinction coefficient . Sharply increasing of carrier concentration and conductivity was recorded when the incident energy increased nearly the band gap region depending on the high absorption

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In the present work , effect of addition Lithium Fluoride on some optical properties of High Density Polyethylene has been studied . for that purpose , many samples has been prepared by adding Lithium Fluoride on the High Density Polyethylene by different volume percentages from these salts with polymer and by different thickness .The absorption and transmission spectra has been recorded in the wavelength range (300-1100)nm . The absorption coefficient and energy gap of the indirect, allowed, forbidden transition have been determined.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The good lightness inside class room is important for resolution of written lesson on the board it's one of the condition to connect the lesson and to protect the student safety, we write three texts (black, green, blue) on a board inside class room without use florescent, we only indirect sun light that come from window. The text on different distances from the board mean contrast picturing using digital camera has been study as a function of distance between board and digital camera. The image edge estimated using soble operator for three texts to introduce which color that give best resolution in the case absent lighting inside class room. It is found that using black color in writing given god result in resolution of written text picture on the board.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Antenna design with fractal geometry may improves the characteristic of the antenna. Minkowski Island was simulated using NEC4WIN95VM software based on the method of moments for solving Maxwell equations. This model was compared to classical square loop antenna. The result showed that the area of the Minkowski Island antenna was smaller than the area of square loop antenna and this reduction in area does not degrade the performance of the antenna. The main part of this research is the current distribution over the body of the antenna. We found that fractalizing classical square shape improves most of antenna parameters

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

We Study the effect of light intensity on the efficiency of the enet web camera to imaging the White Image ( Test Image ) A4 we can control to the luminous intensity by change the Voltage on the luminous System ; since we get the 13 different images . In the low voltage range the distribution of luminous intensity will be regular for three color composites RGB and lighting composites L, and in the higher voltage rang the tungsten lamp given afare from each other, and when study the relation between power and mean we saw the mean value was stable in the low voltage for three color composites RGB and lighting composites L , and in the higher range of power than 0.00234 Watt we get the mean values increased with the power , after that it's begin stable , and the curve of Green band similar to the lighting composites L because it's given a ratio sharing about ℅60.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In the present work , effect of addition Lithium Fluoride on some optical properties of polystyrene has been studied . for that purpose , many samples has been prepared by adding Lithium Fluoride on the polystyrene by different volume percentages from these salts with polymer and by different thickness .The absorption and transmission spectra has been recorded in the wavelength range (190-1100)nm . The absorption coefficient and energy gap of the indirect, allowed, forbidden transition have been determined

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this work, the nuclear structure has been studied for strongly deformed nuclei with mass number (A=170,174,182) for even-even nuclei respectively using the Interacting Boson Model (IBM-1). The dynamical symmetry SU(3) has been predicated for each nuclei . The potential energy surface parameters have been derived and calculated in terms of the Hamiltonian operator parameters. The potential energy surface for each nucleus has been studies and calculated in terms of these parameters using (PES.for) program, also contour lines, axially symmetries and mesh grid has been drown. The results have been compared with typical scheme and band structure, and the results of comparisons have given a good agreement.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Transparent conducting oxide thin films of SnO2 has been prepared on quartz substrates at different oxidation conditions such as oxidation temperature and oxidation time using rapid thermal oxidation method. The films crystallize is a tetragonal structure and X-ray diffraction measurements have shown polycrystalline SnO2 films prepared at 873 K, 90 sec with (101) orientation. The SnO2 phase formation was also confirmed with the recorded Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to search for a selective naturally active surfaces (Bentonite and Kaolin) for adsorption of Triprolidine and Metoclopramide drugs that causes poisoning when taken orally at doses. The results of this study showed full applicably of Frendlich model of his adsorption of two drugs and S-shape according to Gilles classification. The study was extended to cover the effect of temperature and determined the thermodynamic function such as ΔH, ΔG and ΔS. The effect of the ionic strength showed that the quantity of adsorption decreased with increasing the concentration of salt, and also the adsorption was affected by the pH of the solution. The adsorption of the two drugs was decreased with the particle size of the clays.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Proton beam therapy is unique because it allows for minimal scattering as particulate beam pass through tissue and deposing ionizing energy at precise depth i.e. Bragg peak. This study is aimed to investigate the limitations and pitfalls in clinical application of Bragg peak in theoretical model of human breast tumor. The Microsoft; "The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM)" version 1998, and 2003 was used. A model of breast tumor was designed and the projection of irradiated ions (hydrogen or carbon) crossed multi-layers including skin, adipose tissue, normal and abnormal breast tissues of different densities. The results showed that the stopping power of carbon ions was higher than corresponding hydrogen ions and proportionally increased with tissue density. The longitudinal range was directly correlated with acceleration potential energy for both hydrogen and carbon ions. The straggling of the hydrogen ions and to lesser extent the carbon ions tended to be declined, for each accelerated potential, with increment in density of breast tissue. The energy loss was higher with carbon ions compared with hydrogen ions. Irradiation with hydrogen or carbon ions resulted in breast tissue damage which was proportionally related to the accelerated potentials and inversely with target density. The damaging effect of carbon ions was inferior to that of hydrogen ions. It concludes that typical Bragg's peak can be achieved when the density of irradiated tissue , the localization of abnormal tissue , the type of ions radiation and the acceleration potentials are taken collectively in consideration.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this study we attempted to shed alight on the possible relation ships between lipids per oxidation marker, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) with the effect of smoker Using serum samples obtained from (60) smoker due to their occupation. These smokers were divided in to two groups according to their occupational period. The third group consists of healthy volunteers that were No smokers in the control group. Our results showed that The level of (MDA) was elevated in the smoker and the highest level was found to be (48.00) n mol/dL for smoker with longest period compared to the control group (9.6) n moldL. Some serum antioxidants such as vitamin (A) were evaluated and were found to be lower in all smokers compared to the control group. Serum, Fe, levels were also evaluated and were found higher in smoker than that in the control group. , Se, found to be lower in all smokers compared to the control group

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The coumarin derivatives are very important compound that are used in medical and industrial fileds, This study include preparation many of new amino coumarin derivatives. This study is chivied by the following steps:- Synthesis of starting material (4-methyl-7-hydroxy coumarin) [H1] from reaction of resorcinol with Ethyl aceto acetate in the presence of Conc. H2SO4 at (10 C°).Then Nitration of [H1] by the reaction with mixture of Conc. (HNO3+H2SO4) at temperature (0 -5 C°) to get [H2]. Reduction of compound [H2] by its reaction with Iron powder and Conc. HCL in absolute ethanol as a solvent gave the compound 6-amino-4-methyl-7-hydroxy coumarin [H3] . Also new Schiff's bases 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-[Substituted amino]-2H-chromen-2-one [H4-H8] were synthisised through the reaction of amino coumarin derivatives with different aromatic aldehydes and ketones. After that a new derivatives containing heterocyclic moieties of coumarin were prepare by the reaction of Schiff's bases with α- mercapto acetic acid to obtain the derivative 3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yl)-1, 3-Thiazolidin-4-one-2-substituted [H9-H13] .The work also includes synthesis of new amino derivatives of coumarin compounds [H15-H19].The last step includes Synthesis of Maunich bases derived from coumarin 4-methyl-6-nitro-7-(substituted)-2h-chromen-2-one [H21-H25] . The prepared compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means namely infrared (IR) and Ultraviolet (UV) and studying Their physical properties.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Chitosan was modified through chemical grafted of acrylamide on the Chitosan polymer by free radical copolymerization in the presence of potassium persulfate as initiator. Various of grafting percentages have been obtained by changing the concentration of monomer (acrylamide). The percentage of grafting increases with the increasing of monomer concentration. The prepared polymers have been characterized by IR spectroscopy to identify the structure of the grafted polymer. The gelation of modified polymers (acrylamide grafted chitosan) according to the equilibrium swelling degree has been investigated in two different media (distilled water and n-saline). Acrylamide grafted chitosan shows high uptake of water, suggests its hydrophilicity. In vitro controlled release of vitamin (C) from hydrogel of prepared polymers was studied in two different media (distilled water and n-saline) using ultra violate absorption to follow quantities released at different times. The concentrations of vitamin (C) released increased gradually and then attain affixed value.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The aim of the present work is synthesis of new phenothiazine derivatives containing N-substituted phenothiazine. To obtain these derivatives, the diphenyl amine was chosen as the starting material, which was heated for 6hrs with sulfur. In the presence of iodine at 270 C°, it gave the phenothiazine (1) Treatment of phenothiazine (1) with (chloroacetyl chloride) gave the N10 acetyl phenothiazine (2), which was treated with hydrazine hydrate to give the hydrazine (3). The hydrazine (3) was used for synthesis of two types of heterocyclic derivatives: - (a) N10 (4-phenyl – 1, 2, 4 - triazine – 3 – thiol) phenothiazine (5). (b) N10 (4-phenyl – 1,2,4- triazine – 3 – o1) phenothiazine (11). Compound (5) was synthesized by the intermolecular cyclization of thiosemicarbazide derivative (4), which was obtained from the reaction of the hydrazide (3) and phenyl isothiocynate. Compound (11) was synthesized in similar manner that used for the preparation of (5), by using semicarbazide derivative instead of thiosemicarbazide derivative. (c) Alkylation of N10 (4-phenyl–1,2,4-triazine–3–thio) phenothiazine (5) using different alkyl halides (chloro propane, bromo butane, chloro pentane, benzyl chloride) . (d) Alkylation of N10 (4- phenyl – 1, 2, 4-triazine-3-ol) phenothiazine (11) using different alkylhalides (chloro propane, bromo butane, chloro pentane, benzyl chloride) in basic condition.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this work liquid membrane electrodes selective for lutetium ions were prepared and used for determination of lutetium in different samples.Membrane for lutetium was prepared from lutetium picrate complex with crown ether 18-crown-6 , it was incorporated in PVC membrane . The properties of this electrode were evaluated practically by using standard procedures. For this membrane Nernestian slope , linear working range , detection limit, measurement stability , response time and electrode life time were studied . The electrode showed that have linear working ranges were 10-4- 10-1M with Nernestian slope value in the range of 16mv/decade. The stable pH ranges were between 3-7, and concentration of standard

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This study dealt with the effect of watery and alcoholic extracts of root , leaves and fruits of Capparis spinosa on the growth Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Pseudo-monas aeruginosa and Candida albicans isolated from patients suffering from skin infection . Agar-well diffusion method was used for this purpose. chemical analysis were done on the plant for identification of active compounds; Alkaloids, Glycosides, Tanins, Saponins, Phenoles and Flavones from the watery extracts, beside the Rasins compound being isolated from the alcoholic extracts . The activity of extracts from roots, leaves and fruits, had been tested, separately regarding their inhibitory effects on the growth of the pathogenic isolates used in this study . The synergistic isolates used in this study . The synergistic effect of these extracts had been also studed . The variation in the results of the inhibitory activity found to be related to the type of the extracts, their preparation method and the strain of the microorganism . The study showed Gram +ve bacteria being more sensitive to the effect of the mentioned extracts .While the isolate of Klebsiella spp.(Gram –ve)was more resistant for the effect of these extracts .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this work, N-amino quinoline-2-one (2) has been synthesized by the reflux of coumarin (1) with hydrazine hydrate 99% in ethanol for 12 hr . The azomethines (3-8) were prepared from the corresponding aryl aldehydes and ketones . Imides derivatives (9-12) were prepared from the reaction of compound (2) with appropriate anhydrides . However the reaction of compound (2) with aryl or alkyl isocyanate afforded the urea derivatives (13- 16,).Reaction of compound(2) with formic acid give the derivative (17) . Treatment of compound (1) with semicarbazide hydrochloride give the compound (18) The structure of the synthesized compounds deduced by using some spectroscopic methods, FT-IR, UV-Visible and NMR .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

A batch Spectrophotometric method have been developed for the determination of dopamine in aqueous solution and in pharmaceutical ampoules preparation .The methods are based on the reaction of dopamine with tyramine in presence of potassium metaperiodate as oxidizing agent .The water soluble orange color produced was measured at 472 nm .the range linearity was observed from 0. 5 – 20 µg.ml-1 dopamine with quantification limits of 0.28 µg.ml-1 dopamine. The effects of chemical and physical parameters have been carefully considered and the proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of dopamine in ampoules formulation.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of hot methanolic extract of Ruta chalpensis leaves on immune response in albino mice. The extract was prepared by hot methanolic extraction, then the percentage for dry weight in percent for plant powder weight. Chemical detection (of tannins, resins, comarins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides and Essential oils)were carried out . LD50 Value was detected in order to select the optimal concentrations and according three percentages were chosen (3,5,10)% of LD50 value, and these percentages represented the three concentration (58,88,176)mg/kg which were used in this study to avoid the plant cytotoxicity , in addition to the cytotoxic test on SRBCs for these selected concentrations. The results showed that the extract have no toxicity on SRBCs in the mentioned concentrations,the non specific immune response was detected and reflected by increasing in percentage of activation and phagocytic index of peritoneal phagocytes ,moreover, evoke of humoral immune response that dependes on B Lymphocyte and this reflected by elevating values of both Arthus reaction and C.F.T., in addition to the immune response that dependent on T Lymphocyte which appear through elevated of DTH value by increasing the extract concentration . All results were compared with positive control (animals are injected with MMC) and negative control (animals are injected with PBS) The results revealed strong correlation between most of the immunological test by measuring the (r) value.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Plants contain natural compounds used antioxidants to protect cells from damage , or merger, which echidna during oxidative processes . The compound of flovonaid Arcata antioxidant compounds have been studies in this research within the installed operating avadavat of oxidative stress and cancer are the seeds of grapes and green tea and pomegranate and the horse tail . Containing components of the extraction 40mg of acid Ellagic , 100mg of alcoholic to extract the seeds of grapes,100 mg of green tea extract and 10 mg of plant extract to the bottom of the alcohol horses. Study the impact of three different concentration of the extraction is ( 0.75, 3.75, 18.75, mg / 0.1 ml ) to the effectiveness of liver enzymes (GST, ALP ,GPT, GOT) through the dosage by mouth to laboratory mouse during the period of three weeks . Results signal that there is no moral difference level ( p< 0.05 ) for the concentration of alcohol .Extracts of plants , on the effectiveness of specific liver enzymes it was free of any toxic effects dose used compared to control animals.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

An electrochemical deposition technique has been employed to produce carbon nanotubes. The electrochemical deposition cell consists of graphite electrode as an anode, aluminum electrode as a cathode and an aqueous solution of organic material as an electrolyte. Carbon nanotube were grown on aluminum electrode using acetonitrile (1% v/v) and water as electrolyte at an applied d.c. potential (24V), The aluminum electrode acts as a deposition surface (substrate) to collect carbon nanotubes and as a source of aqueous alumina [aluminum oxide hydroxide (AlOHO)] particles suspend in the electrolyte which also deposit carbon nanotubes. The suspension and aluminum substrate were characterized by Optical Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction analysis, all these techniques show the nanotube finger print and the nanotube shape of the deposited carbon.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The present investigation represents a preliminary study of the effect of crude extracts of date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Zahdi) on two malignant cell lines (human laryngeal carcinoma-Hep2 and murine mammary adenocarcinoma-AMN3) and one normal cell line (rat embryo fibroblast-REF). The study also includes evaluation of the effect of these extracts on several cytogenetic parameters such as mitotic index (MI%), blast index (BI%) and chromosomal aberrations (CA) after in vitro culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes. This work also includes a study of the therapeutic potential of one of these extracts in the treatment of transplanted murine mammary adenocarcinoma in mice. The in vitro cell growth assay showed that there was time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of crude extracts of date palm fruits on Hep2 and AMN3 cell lines. The highest significant effect of these extracts was achieved after 72 hrs of exposure with the highest concentration (10000 μg/ml). Aqueous extract of fruits (AF) caused growth inhibition percentage 76.3% , 84.1% for Hep2 and AMN3 respectively. However, 72 hrs exposure to AF at concentration of 10000 μg/ml caused slight inhibitory effect on REF cell line, reaching 21.1%. On the other hand, the crude extracts of fruits caused significant reduction in the mitotic index and blast index of peripheral human lymphocytes, but without any structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations. Also these extracts neither replaced phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as mitogenic agent, nor colcemide as mitotic arresting agent at metaphase. The therapeutic doses of AF were determined according to LD50 in mice. The results indicated high effectiveness of this extract in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The highest therapeutic doses of AF (1.2 gm/kg B.wt.) showed the best therapeutic effect by reducing the tumor volume in mice to about 73.9%. The comparison of relative tumor volumes of different groups revealed highly significant differences among all treated groups and those of untreated (control) group.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

A continuous solvent extraction-steam distillation method of water by heavier solvents was used for the extraction of diazinon pesticide, locally widely used, in aqueous samples involving the optimal conditions for extraction with chloroform or dichloromethane as extractor. The recovery for a concentration about 10 mg.L-1 of diazinon approaches to 100% using acidification of the water sample (pH=1.5-2) and a extraction- distillation time of 3.5 hour for an aqueous sample 500 ml with 150 ml of chloroform or dichloromethane as extractor. One extraction with small volumes of chloroform or dichloromethane, diazinon could be recovered to the extent of 70-78 % in the range 1-10 mg . L-1 . A UV- spectrophotometric method has been used for the determination and analysis of diazinon using 1cm quartz cells. The accuracy and precision of the method were determined by preparing laboratory samples of diazinon , the results showed relative error ranging from ± 0.2 to 4.8 % and the Relative standard deviation did not exceed 8.19 %. This method is simple and could be implemented with relatively low-coast equipment which is already available in chemical laboratories and it may be applicable to a wide range of aqueous samples.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Fifty isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained from raw milk, Yoghurt and fermented vegetables. Two of them were selected (Lb. fermentum and Lc. raffinolactis due to their inhibitory activity against test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus Ps. fluorescence, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, S. typhimurium). The two isolates were; then, grown in different liquid media (MRS, MRS fortified by vitamins and Tomato juice enriched with some materials) at different temperatures and periods to evaluate their inhibitory activity . No observable inhibitory activity was detected for the unconcentrate filtrates of LAB grow in MRS broth against the test bacteria. Adversely, one-fold concentrated filtrate gave position results, especially after 24hr. against Ps. fluorescence deteriorating meat and milk. Best inhibitory activity was obtained by Lb. fermentum when grow in MRS broth fortified by Thiamine & Biotin, and for Lc. raffionlactis when grown in MRS broth contained Thiamine only. But most efficient inhibitory activity for the lactic filtrates was obtained after grown in Tomato juice medium fortified with glucose, Pepton, NaCl, Tween 80.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Free radical copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with allyl alcohol (AA), allyl benzoate (AB) and allyl chloride (AC) were carried out at 60oC in Bulk . Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as an initiator. The conversion of the monomers to polymers at different intervals were carried out under the same conditions so as to maintain the conversion below 10%. Free radical homopolymerizations of AN, AA, AB and AC ware also performed using AIBN as initiator under the same conditions. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and normal infra-red (IR) spectroscopy were used to evaluate the concentration of each monomer in the prepared copolymers using the absorption bands of a chosen group in each monomer which are (-C≡N) in acrylonitrile , (-OH) in allyl alcohol, (C=O) in allyl benzoate and (-C-Cl) in allyl chloride . Monomer reactivity ratios (r1 and r2) for AN, AA, AB and AC have been calculated utilizing Fineman-Ross (F-R) and Kelen-Tudos (K-T)equations, Microsoft quick basic program has also been used for estimating some of reactivity ratios. Reactivity ratios for AN, AA and AC monomers have also been calculated theoretically by using (Q-e) scheme of Alfrey-Price. In all cases, there were a good agreement between theoretical and experimental values of reactivity ratios and that found in literature. Q and e values of allyl benzoate in poly(AN-co-AB) were calculated from its reactivity ratio values. Depending on the multiplying result of r1 and r2, the prepared copolymers were random and getting close to alternative according to the product (r1r2) for each system and each copolymer system were rich in acrylonitrile monomer units, due to the stabilization by conjugation of maromolecular radical of allyl monomers,as well as, its participation in chain transfer reactions. The composition of each copolymer was evaluated by plotting the mole fraction of AN monomer in feed and in the copolymer.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

For the reason that a lot off people suffers from poisoning due to organophosphate compounds, which has been recorded every year by the national health organization. This could be cured by using atropine Alkalies, so a lot off quantities of it are needed and then consumed. The aim of the research is to find materials to be used instead of atropine Alkalies. Atropine and Scopolamine Alkalies were extracted with sulfuric acid (3%) from different organs of Datura metel plant, the extracted material were passed on external (Merck) columns, and HPLC technique was used for determination of the extraction. The results showed that extraction from Datura metel seeds contains the highest possible percentage of Atropine (36%), which scopolamine alkaloid was predominated in other different organs of Datura metel . Using the weighting method, the extraction from leaves showed the highest alkaloid contents (82%). The Datura metel plant was taken from Al. Tajji – city in baghdaded.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

New metal complexes of the ligand 2- Amino-5-(2-acetyloxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole with the metal ion Cr(III), Fe(III), Au(III), Co(II) and Cu(II) were prepared in alcoholic water medium. The prepared complexes were characterized by FTIR Spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, elemental analysis, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurement. Molar ratio and continuous variation studies in solution gave comparable result with those obtained from solid state study. From the spectral measurement, monomer structures for the complexes were proposed. The newly metal complexes were subjected to in vitro testing against pathogenic microorganisms. The results obtained revealed that these complexes showed measurable activity against bacteria.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Our study includes biochemical changes accompanied the pregnancies women twenty five infection with Toxoplasmosis. In comparison with the results of 10 normally delivered pregnancies. The results of present study summarized as follows: - Significant increase in trace and essential elements levels (Mg, Mn, Cu, Ca) in blood serum of patient groups while no significant increase in Se (18 mmmol/L) (0.265 ppm) and (0.93 µmmol/L ) (22.8 mmol/L) respectively, in compared with control groups (10.4 mmol/L, 0.043 mmol/L, 0.49 µmmol/L, 9.7 mmol/L) while Se 0.043 ppm in compared with control groups 0.033 ppm. - The result of lipid peroxidation (MDA) showed significant increase for all patient groups (0.0107 mmol/L) in compared with control groups (0.0065 mmol/L) and we can consider the level of MDA as marker for evaluating the disease. - Analysis activity of all other antioxidants (Cat, GSH and SoD) showed significant decrease 73.4 u/g, 0.143 mmol/L, 17.67 u/L for all patient groups in compared with normal was 158.9 u/g, 0.84 mmol/L, 20.9 u/g. The correlation factor was (0.170) between MDA and GSH.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

تم في هذا البحث تحضيرقاعدة شف جديدة: [4-methyl-3,5-bis{(3-methyl-5- (4-phenyl-thiosemicarbazonlidine) pyrazoline-2yl)pyrazoline] [L] جرى تشخيص (L) بطرق تحليل طيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء (FT-IR) والتحليل الدقيق للعناصر C.H.N)) .استخدم (L)كليكاند في تحضير معقدات الايونات الفلزية الثنائية(II) (منغنيزوالكوبلت والنيكل والنحاس والخارصين) والثلاثية (III)(الحديد) والرباعية (الفناديوم) (IV).تم عزل المعقدات الجديدة وتشخيصها باستخدام طيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء وطيف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية-المرئية وتقنية C.H.N)) وتقنية الامتصاص الذري للعناصر اضافة الى قياسات الحساسية المغناطيسية والتوصيلية الكهربائية .وتم دراسة طبيعة المعقد المتكون في محلول الايثانول باتباع طريقة النسب المولية وقد اعطت هذه الدراسة نتائجا مطابقة مع تلك التي تم الحصول عليها في الحالة الصلبة،كما درست ثوابت الاستقرار للمعقدات المتكونة مع الزمن وكانت مدة ثبات اللون اكثر من (4)ساعات، فضلا عن ذلك تم حساب قيمة الممتصية المولارية للمعقدات. تمَّ تقويم الفعالية المضادة للبكتريا لليكاند (L) ومعقداته وأُختير نوعان من البكتريا Pseudonomous aerugionosa ) ) سالبة الصبغة و (Bacillus Subtilis) موجبة الصبغة لهذا الغرض ودراسة أقل تركيز يحدث عنده التثبيط (MIC) ومن ثم تمت مقارنة فعالية المركبات المحضرة مع المضاد الحيوي (Ampicillin). كما تم اجراء التقويم الحيوي لليكاند (L) ومعقداته ضد نوعين من الفطريات Penicillum Spp.) و (Aspergillus flavus وقد أظهرت نتائج التقويم زيادة كبيرة في فعالية المعقدات المحضرة منها.تم تفسير الفعالية المضادة للبكتريا و الفطريات إلى التأثير المتداوب للفعالية بين الفلز و الليكاند فضلآ عن الإختلاف في تراكيب المركبات المحضرة .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The study aimed at estimating the nutritional value of tea leaves refuse and the possibility of making use of such refuse as livestock fodder. The study included the estimation of dry material, proteins, oils, carbohydrates, fibres, and ashes in tea leaves refuse. Moreover, the study included the estimation of essential and non-essential amino acids in addition to estimating macro elements like Ca and P and micro elements like Fe and Mn. Energy had also been calculated. The outcome of the study also revealed the possibility of using tea leaves refuse as ruminants fodder, rather than poultry.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Specific activity of Glutathione S. transferase ( GSTs ) were studied in cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction of three tumor cell lines ( Hep.2, AMN.3 and brain tumor ) and normal cells ( REF ) by tissue culture techniques. The results revealed that specific activity of GST in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of brain tumor cells was increased gradually and significantly from 8.2-17.5 U/mg protein and 4.28-10.27 U/mg protein, respectively with passages progression. A clear effects of induction GST production in both fractions of tumor and normal cells were revealed after cells were treated with two concentrations of Doxorubicin (DOX) and Mytomycin-C ( MMC ) only dependent on dose concentrations, in comparison with enzyme levels in negative control cells. And there were low induction of GST in cytoplasmic fractions of tumor cells – except AMN-3 - and normal cells pretreated with catechins then followed by Dox treatment, while the specific activity of GST was increased significantly in cytoplasmic fractions of Hep-2 and REF cells pretreated with catechins then followed by MMC treatment, in comparison with enzyme levels in there cells treated by drugs only . In contrast of , there were significant decreasing of GST production in nuclear fractions of tumor and normal cells pretreated with catechins then followed by DOX and MMC compared in enzyme activity in same fractions of cells treated with drugs ( DOX and MMC ) only, and unsignificant difference between their activities ( pretreated with catechins and drugs ) in nuclear fractions of tumor cells except (AMN-3) and normal cells in comparison with enzyme level in negative control cells.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

A sensitive spectrophotometric method was proposed for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in pharmaceutical preparations. The method was based on oxidative coupling organic reaction of reduced CAP with pyrocatechol in the presence of ferric sulfate to form red water soluble product with maximum absorbance at 500 nm. The reaction conditions were studied and optimized. The linear range for the determination of CAP, and the detection limit were 1 – 22 µg ml-1 and 0.520 µg ml-1, respectively. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the determination of CAP in pharmaceutical preparations. A statistical comparison of these results with those obtained by the British pharmacopoeia procedure using the Student t-test and variance ratio F-test shows a good agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision at the 95% confidence

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Achlya proliferoids and Saprolegnia parasitica aquatic fungi were used to reduce the dissolved organic matter from the final discharge of wastewater treatment plant in Baghdad (Al-Rustumya) by measuring BOD5, COD , TOC and fungi dry weight in laboratorial conditions (pH 4.5-4.8 and temperature 20 °c in a Batch culture system and a treatment period of 3-7 days). Achlya proliferoids showed the reduced percent for TOC 66.26% at higher propaply p<0.01 in all treatment period as compared with the sample before treatment, and BOD5 by 63% and COD 43.36% at higher propaply p<0.01, while Saprolegnia parasitica showed ability to reduce COD about 50.45% at higher propaply p<0.01 in all treatment period and TOC by 62%, BOD5 45.52% at higher propaply p<0.01 in all treatment period

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The present study is an attempt to assess the serum levels of vitamin E, γ- GGT.CRP, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and compare the results obtained with healthy controls group, and to ascertain the relationship between the antioxidant vitamin E with some associated parameters. Type 2 diabetes mellitus group include 30 patients (18 male and 12 female) who were selected from patients attending Specialist Center for Endocrine and Diabetes in AL-Kindy Hospital in Baghdad. The control group included 30 healthy subjects (15 male and 15 female). Fasting glucose level in patients with T2DM was (7.39+3.095 mmol/L).The results reveal there were no significant differences between T2DM and control in age.The present study shows that the means for BMI (20.13+1.79 kg/m2), γ- GGT (41.95+6.012 U/L), cholesterol (201.36+38.17mg/dL), vitamin E (0.565+0.178 mg/dL), and vit.E/TC (0.003+0.001) were significantly differences in T2DM as compared to control group. CRP levels were negative (<0.6 mg/dL) in 12 patients and positive (>0.6 mg/dL) was (2.07+2.066 mg/dL)) in 18 patients.Furthermore, serum vitamin E concentrations showed significantly positive relationship with the ratio of vit.E/TC, and negative significant relationship found between vitamin E and BMI, fasting glucose, and γ- GGT. While non significant positive relationship found between vitamin E and both of cholesterol, age and CRP.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Achlya proliferoids and Saprolegnia parasitica aquatic fungi were used to reduce the dissolved organic matter from the final discharge of wastewater treatment plant in Baghdad (Al-Rustumya) by measuring BOD5, COD , TOC and fungi dry weight in laboratorial conditions (pH 4.5-4.8 and temperature 20 °c in a Batch culture system and a treatment period of 3-7 days). Achlya proliferoids showed the reduced percent for TOC 66.26% at higher propaply p<0.01 in all treatment period as compared with the sample before treatment, and BOD5 by 63% and COD 43.36% at higher propaply p<0.01, while Saprolegnia parasitica showed ability to reduce COD about 50.45% at higher propaply p<0.01 in all treatment period and TOC by 62%, BOD5 45.52% at higher propaply p<0.01 in all treatment period.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this work, 6-nitro coumarin [1] has been prepared by nitration of coumarin and then converted into 6-nitro-1-aminoquinoline-2-one [2b]. The azomethines [3a-e] were prepared from the corresponding aryl aldehydes and ketones with [2b]. Treatment of compounds [3a-e] with mercapto acetic acid gave the thiazolidinone derivatives [4-5]. Moreover the reaction of compound [1] with glycine afforded the acetic acid derivative of 2-quinolone [6], which was converted into the acid hydrazide [7]. Treatment of compound [7] with carbon disulfide in potassium hydroxide gave the oxadiazole derivative [8]. The reaction of compound [6] with thiosemicarbazide yielded 2-[(6-nitro-2-oxoquinolin-1(2H)-yl)acetyl] hydrazine carbothioamide [9]. Reaction of compound [9] with NaOH leads to ring closure giving 1-[(5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]-6-nitro quinolin-2-(1H)-one [10a-b]. In addition, treatment of compound [9] with H2SO4 leads to ring closure also giving the thiadiazole derivative of 6-nitro-2-quinolone [11].

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The search for novel antiviral phytoproducts continues. Plant extracts that can eliminate the virus reproduction may have agricultural advantage for the elimination of epidemic plant viruses. This work includes a preliminary study of the effect of seven crude extracts of wild plants on Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV). Extracts of Amaranthus caudatus , Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. murale , Convolvulus arvensis , Datura innoxia , D. stramonium and Portulaca oleracea were prepared by grinding the fresh leaves with distilled water by mortar and pestle, the extract was strained through four layers of cheesecloth then centrifuged and the resulting supernatant was used in the following investigations. The activity of extracts determined by mixing these extracts in a different concentrations with the inoculum (1:1) and then inoculated on tobacco leaves (Nicotiana glutinosa) by using opposite half-leaf inoculation technique as local lesion assay for antiviral activity test. The leaves extracts of Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. murale showed a high inhibitory activity. This was a high as 100% for concentrated and diluted juices. While the inhibitory activity of the another extracts were less.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The photodegradation of poly (exo-galactosene-co-styrene) was investigated in solid state using u.v.-radiation at λ = 313 nm and compared with polystyrene . The photodegradation rate is followed by U.V. and I.R spectrophotometry using either: 1. copolymer with different molar ratios of styrene : vinyl sugar : styrene (copolymer I) (1 mole : 1 mole) and (copolymer II) (1 mole : 3 mole) 2. Different photosensitizers (dibenzoyl peroxide and benzophenone) (0.003 g/mL). 3. Different concentrations of dibenzoyl peroxide (0.003 and 0.01 g/mL). The copolymers showed a change in their I.R and U.V. absorption spectra, especially at the carbonyl absorption region. Upon photoirradiation, the I.R spectra showed that the absorbance ratios Aco/A1600 have increased with irradiation period, whereas the copolymer showed the most rapid increase in carbonyl group absorbance compared with polystyrene due to the sugar units which had on important role in increasing photodegradation of the copolymer. The rate of photodegradation of copolymers increases with benzophenone (BPH) and dibenzoyl peroxide (DBP) as photosensitizers, but the increase in the rate of photodegradation is higher with benzophenone (BPH) , also the rate of photodegradation is increased with increasing the concentration of dibenzoyl peroxide (DBP) photosensitizer . The aim of this work is study the effect of sugar molecule on the photodegradation of copolymer for styrene when compared with polystyrene

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This paper interested in assessment of correlation coefficient between random variables when away from the normal distribution of data through one of the two variables contain the contaminated values (outliers), as was the comparison between the performance of Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, with the methods of the modified Pearson's correlation coefficient depending on the robust estimator (the median, Gastwirth's estimator) for the location parameter instead of the mathematical mean. By using the Mean Square Error (MSE) as criterion for comparison between the estimates for different samples (n=10,24,50,100) and different distributional situations generated by the application of the Monte Carlo simulation (with 1000 replications) with correlation coefficient , we found the adoption of an robust estimator for the location parameter instead of the mathematical mean has added a significant improvement on the performance of the Pearson's correlation coefficient

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

There are many widely used statistics to test the hypothesis of equal means of multivariate populations of a general linear model. One of these is Wilks statistic which is used in this paper. In the case ,when the assumption normality distribution is violated of random error matrix ,then the Wilks statistic leads to a wrong decision. For this reason , Wilks robust statistic ( RFMCD*) has been modified using robust estimations (RFMCD,RMCD,MCD), with changing the cut-off-values. In the case of multi-normal distribution, a cut-off-value is suggested to get a right decision, also cut-off-value is suggested for one and two sided for contaminated multi-normal distribution for the same reason. The method of simulation has been used to generate a random error matrix, that have non– normal distribution, that follow the multi – contaminated normal distribution of one side and the multi – contaminated normal distribution of the two sides. It has been shown, that through using simulation, that the modified robust statistics (RFMCD*) is better than the Classical Wilks statistic presence of outliers from both sides and in some cases, when the outliers are presented in one side, particularly at contamination ratio (є = 0.2 ) , and at any significant level .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The experimental work cocern the studying of the adsorption- desorption systems of Bisoprelolhemifumarats by using two of Iraqi natural clays kaolin and attapulgite focused on determining the adsorption – desorption isotherms of the adsorbates employed in this study. The concentrations, both before and after the attainment of equilibrium; were determined with the aid of U.V. spectro photometric technique. The effect of initial drug concentration, temperature, contact time, solution pH, ionic strength and desoreption of the drug from the two surfaces was studied. The equilibrium sorption isotherms have been analysed by the Freundlich and langmuir models. The Freundlich isotherms had the highest correlation coefficients. The apparent thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the abtained values support the conclusion that the drug molecules sorbs by exothermic process. Drug adsorption was the highest at neutral pH value. The adsorbed amount of studied drug on attapulgite clay is decreased with increasing ionic strength, but adsorbed amount of the same drug on kaolin clay has of a limited influenced with increasing the ionic strength. In addition, kaolin, attapuglite clays were compared according to their efficiency of drug desorbing

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This paper was deal with the study and analysis the effect of some effective meteorological elements on pollutants concentration by using Gaussian diffusion theory, matlab program was used to make the relevant computation. In this paper were showed the relationship between the pollutants concentration and selected surface wind velocity after matched it with atmospheric stability type according to Pasqual classification, as well study the effect of the effective height of pollution source( in the paper select a stack as pollution source) at pollutants concentration in addition to the effect of the source's site on pollutants concentration value. The results showed that the received pollutants concentration at 1000m horizontal distance were inversely proportion with wind velocity in instability condition wherein the convection current and eddies act to be lessen the pollutants concentration near the surrounding areas from pollution source especially at daytime. As to the changing of effective height of pollution source it found that when the source's height was increasing lead to decreasing the received pollutants concentration at horizontal distance from the source, and it showed the pollutants concentration gradual decreasing with going far towards (y) that is from the central line of pollutants diffusing , while in the direct (z) it's not necessary the increasing in height from central line giving the same intensity of decreasing pollutants concentration especially at instability condition as to the higher pollutants concentration was at 50m height at stability condition that is in the effective height of pollution source.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The photodegradation of poly (exo-galactosene-co-styrene) copolymer in dichloromethane and in benzene solution was studied using dibenzoyl proxide as photosensitizer. It was observed that higher photodegradation rate of the copolymer in dichloromethane compared with benzene solution. Decreases in relative and specific viscosity were also observed in the irradiated polymers where the viscosity decreased in the presence of dibenzoyl peroxide and benzophenone photosensitizers , and also with increased concentration of dibenzoyl peroxide with irradiation time . The photodegradation of poly (exo-galactosene-co-styrene) and poly (exo-galactosene-co-acrelonitrile) was investigated in solid state using u.v.-radiation at λ = 313 nm . The photodegradation rate is followed by U.V. and I.R spectrophotometry using dibenzoyl peroxide (0.003 g/mL). The copolymers showed a change in their I.R and U.V. absorption spectra, especially at the carbonyl absorption region. Upon photoirradiation, the I.R spectra showed that the absorbance ratios Aco/A1600 have increased with irradiation period, whereas the copolymer showed the most rapid increase in carbonyl group absorbance. The rate of photodegradation of poly (exo-galactosene-co-styrene) is higher than the rate of photodegradation of poly (exo-galactosene-co-acrylonitrile) in solid state which was explained by the higher light absorption at the irradiated wavelength (313 nm). The biodegradability of photodegradable polymers has been also studied using isolated bacteria from crude oil (Pseudomonas aeuroginosaRB-19).This type of bacteria is known to be capable of utilizing the degraded copolymers

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This work involves the synthesis of some 1,2,3-Triazoles derived from 4-aminobenzoic acid were synthesis 4-azido benzoic acid [1] synthesis by the action of sodium azide on the diazonium chloride salt, 4-(4-amino-5-cyano-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzoic acid [2] then 1-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-1-H-[1,2,3] triazole-4-carboxylic acid [3]by reaction of [1]with ethyacetoacetate and malonitrile; respectively in sodium ethoxide using absolute as a solvent. reaction of [2]with thionyl chloride to give acid chloride derivative [4], followed by conversion into the corresponding acid hydrazide derivative[5], carboxylic acid thiosemicarbazide [12], esters [15-17], thioesters [18], [19], and amides [20-22], when treated hydrazine hydrate, thiosemicarbazide, alcohols, alkylthiol and secondary amines in dry benzene; respectively. Then compound [5] reflux with various aldehydes and ketons to give a number of Schiff's bases [6-10]. Furthermore, 1,2,4-triazole derivative [13] have been also prepared by refluxing thiosemicarbazide derivative [12] with sodium hydroxide solution (4%) then acidify with (10%)HCl . Moreover, a thiadiazole derivative [14] has been prepared by treatment of thiosemicarbazide derivative [12] with concentrated sulfuric acid as cyclyzing agent. Finally, oxadiazole derivative [11] has prepared by condensation of its acid hydrazide derivative [5] with carbon disulfide in basic medium.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

A study was carried out on 30 patients (17 male and 13 female) with chronic renal failure. Blood samples have been taken before and after hemodialysis to measure lipid profile and free fatty acids. The results obtained have been compared with 30 (18male and 12 female) healthy subjects (control group). The results showed that there were significant increase in the level of TG, VLDL-C before and after hemodialysis , while there was non significant difference in the level of TC, LDL-C in pre-dialysis patients as compared to control group. The results also revealed a significant relation in the level of TC, in those patients after hemodialysis comparison with control group. This study also show a significant decrease in the level of HDL-C in pre dialysis patients as compared to control group and non significant changes in the levels of LDL-C and HDL-C in post-dialysis patients compared with control group. The level of FFA in patients before and after hemodialysis was significant increase as compared with control group. There is a significant positive correlation between serum FFA levels and TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, whereas no significant positive correlation with TC and significant negative correlation with HDL-C levels in pre-dialysis patients. There is a significant positive correlation between serum FFA levels and TC, LDL-C, where as no significant correlation with HDL-C, TG, and VLDL-C in post- dialysis patients.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Eleven phenolic Schiff bases were prepared previously by condensation reaction of p-hydroxy benzaldehyde or furfuryldehyde with p-aminophenol, p-phenelene diamine, 1,2- phenelene diamine ,4,5-dimethyl 1,2-phenelene diamine, p-dianilino methane , p-dianilino ether , hydrazine, ethylene diamine, benzidene and aniline.These phenolic Schiff bases were converted to phenol formaldehyde,resole type resin, by polycondensation with excess formaldehyde, which were characterized by I.R and thermal analysis. High ortho resole resin was also prepared previously by condensation of phenol with excess of formaldehyde in the presence of magnesium oxide as catalyst and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravemetric analysis. The thermal stability of the cured resins according to the 50% wt. loss was evaluated, and were in the following order XX > XIII, XII > XVI > XIX > XVII, XXI > XXII > XV > XXIII. The higher thermal stability is attributed to ladder structure which is expected to be formed in the cured resins as well as to the linear nitrogenous backbone structure and aromatic character. Composite samples were prepared by using chopped fiber glass type E as a reinforcing fiber impregnated with a polymeric matrix based on the above phenolic resin derivatives and high ortho resole resin. The ablative characteristics were investigated by subjecting the molded composite species to oxy- acetylene flame test according to ASTM E 285 - 80 .Most of the examined ablative samples showed good insulation properties in view of their low char rates and outstanding ablative indices.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Monthly urine samples were collected during the period from October 2005 to December 2006 from primary school children and households in Balad Rouz town, Diyala province. A total of 1550 urine samples were subjected to direct examination. Fresh urine samples from all infected individuals were then used for egg counts by nuclepore filtration method. The intensity of infection was determined as light and heavy, while the hematuria was classified as macrohematura and microhematura. The prevalence of infection among school children was 1.7% in comparison with 7.3% among households, while the overall infection was 2.1%. Infection among males was 2.9% in comparison with 1% among females. The highest infection (18.8%) was among 15-17 years old. Light intensity of infection was shown in 84.85% of the infected individuals in comparison with 15.15% for heavy infections. The macroscopic hematuria was noted in 15.15% of the positive samples in comparison with no cases of the 1517 negative samples.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This investigation has been conducted to study the environmental problems caused by fine particulate matter air pollution in Baghdad city in Iraq . Date of observation , dust and patients suffer from respiratory and cardiovascular (heart and circulatory system) diseases as effected by particle pollution or particulate matter in the air were obtained , also air quality index combined by the author . The air quality index values of current study were 00 , 40.00 , 50.00 , 50.00 , 51.00 , 51.00 , 68.00 , 75.00, 92.00 and 98.00 % for 21/3/2009(clearest day ) , 24/3/2009 , 13/ 3 / 2009 , 30 / 3 / 2009 , 28 / 3 / 2009 , 29 / 3 / 2009 , 22/3/ 2009 , 25/3 / 2009 , 15 /3/ 2009 and 9/3/2009(most dusty day) . The value ranges 0 – 40 % Levels of Health Concern as good and cautionary Statements is none . However , The value ranges 90 – 100 % Levels of Health Concern as Hazardous and cautionary Statements , people with heart or lung disease, older adults, and children should remain indoors and keep activity levels low . Everyone else should avoid physical activity outdoors . The relationship between the dust concentration in the atmosphere as measure of visibility( Y ) and the total number of suffered patients ( X ) could be explained by the following regressing equation : 1- Y = 264.7590 X -0.0714 r = 0.6284 From Abn Alnafees Hospital 2 - Y = 136.8317 + 6.2382 X - 1.1165X 2 r = 0.8425 From Al Kindy Hospital 3 - Y = 298.8405 – 30.5272 X r = 0.8127 From Medical City The total number of the patients suffer from respiratory and cardiovascular (heart and circulatory system) diseases visited Abn Alnafees Hospital and Al Kindy Hospital in Baghdad increases with increasing dust concentration in the atmosphere , the relation was highly significant (r = 0.6284 Abn Alnafees r = 0.8425 Al Kindy and r = 0.8127 Medical City) . Patients prone to heart disease may one day be told by physicians to avoid not only fatty foods and smoking but air pollution too. Key words; air quality index , dust , visibility , Levels of Health Concern ,

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of caffeine on human sperm fertilizing capacity of asthinozoospermic patients. The effect of in vitro caffeine addition to semen of 20 asthenozoospermic infertile patients was studied. .In vitro sperm activation by centrifugation swim up migration technique was used, 3mM caffeine concentration was supplemented to sperm preparation medium prior to sperm activation. Sperm penetration assay (SPA) using zona free hamsters oocytes was performed to determine human sperm fertilizability rate in the presence or absence of caffeine. Twenty normozoospermic semen samples involved as second control .The results showed that the in vitro human sperm penetration rate and penetration index were significantly increased (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively) in the caffeine treated group versus control groups. It was concluded that the application of 3mM caffeine to in vitro sperm activation by centrifugation swim up migration technique may be useful for intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization, to achieve high pregnancy rate incase of asthinozoospermia

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Consanguineous marriages are the marriages contracted between blood relatives . many studies have suggested a strong association between consanguinity and the incidence of abnormal reproductive health parameters. The aims of this research was to determine the prevalence and type of consanguineous marriages and the associated factors for sample from families in Baghdad , Iraq. The research was conducted in urban areas of Baghdad .A total sample of 302 married women were interviewed at their home or work places. Information on the sociodemographic and fertility characteristics of the women were gathered using a written questionnaire .Data analysis was done by SSPS program. The overall prevalence of consanguinity was 44.04 % , with a mean of inbreeding coefficient of 0.01851 . The principal type of consanguineous marriages was first – cousins marriages , which accounted for 56.4 % of all consanguineous unions .There was a significant association) between consanguinity and sociodemographic characteristics (younger ages and lower educational level )of the participants (P = 0.005) .First cousins marriages had significantly more spontaneous abortions and congenital disorders when compared with non-consanguineous relatives (P =0.01) . Higher fertility and higher affected reproductive families (52.3 %) were associated with consanguineous marriages . The prevalence of consanguinity and of first –cousins marriages was found to be high in Baghdad . The rate of affected reproductive health families was also very high . Further researches on the reasons for and negative outcomes of consanguineous marriages should be conducted .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Propolis is a multifunctional material used by bees in the construction and maintenance of their hives. Due to biological and pharmacological activities, it has been extensively used in folk medicine. The present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of the watery extract of propolis (WEP) on two tumor cell lines (Hep-2 & AMN-3) and one normal cell line (Ref) by using tissue culture technique. The results showed anti-proliferative effect only against tumor cell lines by reducing cell growth about 63% in AMN-3 and 66.7% in Hep-2 after 48h exposure to WEP. At the same time, Propolis modulated the protein content in the secretions of cell lines within culture medium by reducing this content about 79.1% in AMN-3 cell line, and increasing it about 84.7% and 94.6% in both Ref and Hep-2 cell lines respectively. To explain the mechanism of this cytotoxic effect, it was found that exposure of both tumor cell lines to WEP at a concentration of 4mg/ml caused an alteration in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential that induced about 100% of Hep-2 cells and 88.3% of AMN-3 cells to undergo apoptosis. These results clearly indicated that WEP possesses a potent apoptotis-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells via mitochondrial pathway.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Fifty (50) serum samples were collected from patients with CHB who were admitted to Hepatology and Gastroenterology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, aged 20-65 years during the period from the beginning of February / 2008 to the end of February / 2009, also serum samples were collected from Fifty (50) healthy HBs Ag carrier was discovered accidentally through attending the blood bank for donation of blood, aged from 18-52 years and served as a control group. To determine the best marker to be used as predictive parameter in the prognosis and disease progression in some Iraqi hepatitis patients, the level of some Prognostic marker such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-2 Macroglobulin and beta-2 micro globulin were assessed in the sera of studied group. It was clear that a highly significant elevation was noticed in all markers with CHB patients as compared to the carrier group.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The research contained take nipple breast swab from 27 suckling mother , after and before cleaned the area of nipple breast by water and soap only , and founded inhibition all pathogenic bacteria and normal flora therefore recommended suckling mother to washing the breast by water and soap to removed any pathogenic bacteria then protection the children from any bacterial infection

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this study, to minimize a function of two cost criteria for scheduling n jobs on a single machine , the problem is discussed : “ Minimizing a function of total square completion time and maximum tardiness simultaneously”. For this problem we proposed some algorithms to find exact(optimal) solution for hierarchical case and efficient (pareto optimal) solutions for simultaneous case, Also we proposed branch and bound algorithm to find exact solution for sum of total square completion time and maximum tardiness, and present algorithm B to find exact solution in a fast way with respect to (BAB) method. We present computational experience for the (BAB) method and algorithm(B) on a large set of test problems.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this paper we introduce a new concept - open set and some concepts are defined on it . Also we introduce a new concepts of bi-continuous multifunctions and obtain some characterizations and some properties of multifunctions and study the relationships among them

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this paper, we introduce and study SS-module as a proper generalization of fully stable modules. A module M is called SS-module if every direct summand of M is stable. Many characterizations and properties of SS-modules are given. For example, an R-module M is SS-module if and only if each direct summand of M fully invariant. Various known results about fully stable modules are generalized to SS-modules. For example, If M is regular SS-module, then EndR(M) is fully stable. Known modules related to SS-modules are considered. In fact, we investigate the next implications: Multiplication modules SS-modules The summand intersection property. Moreover, through examples, it can be asserted that these implications are not reversible.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this paper We will find the dimension of some fractals that are called the condensation sets constructed by the iterated function system on H(X), and we will prove that the condensation set exists and it is unique in the space of fractalss H(X). Also, in this paper we will prove that the dimension of the condensation set which is called C of the fractal set A0 has the same dimension of A0

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this paper we define a supercyclic sequence of operators and cyclic sequence of operators and we prove some theorems about them .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The objective of this paper to study the measure of noncompactness and obtain a fixed point theorem for k-set contractive mapping of Banach space. Our results are new and reprsents a signitfiant improvement of previously known results. Some special cases are discussed.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

We give new characterizations of Baer and quasi-Baer modules. We study the direct sums of (quasi-)Baer modules and we give a sufficient condition under which the direct sums of (quasi-)Baer modules has the (quasi-)Baer property. Also we extended some results from the rings theory to the modules theory. We study the endomorphism ring of Baer and quasi-Baer modules and we show that : If M is a quasi-injective R-module . Then M is Baer iff S = EndR(M) is Von Neumann regular ring. Also we show that if M is an R-module whose endomorphism ring S = EndR(M) is extending, then M is Baer iff S is right nonsingular ring. As another we show that if M is an R-module such that S = EndR(M) has no infinite set of non-zero orthogonal idempotents. Then M is Baer iff S is right Rickart ring

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

ABSTRACT The main result: Let R be a 2-tortion free prime ring, U a square closed Lie ideal of R, and let T,: RR are additive mappings. Suppose that T(xyx) = q)x)T(y)q)x) holds for all pairs x,y  U. In this case T(xy) = T(x)q)y) = q)x)T(y) for all x,y  U, where  is a surjective endomorphism of U, and T(u) U, for all uU .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this paper, the resolution of Weyl module in the case of the skew-partition (p+t,q)/(t,0), where F and are free module and divided power algebra of degree r, respectively, have been discussed. Two examples of the resolution of Weyl module which associate to the two-rowed skew-shape when the protuberance of the second row to the left of the first is 1, 2 respectively, have also been demonstrated.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This research deals with one of predication methods that are persistence (continuity) of the meteorological elements which have discontinuous nature such as rainfall.Avariation in rainfall persistence is one of the important facts which effects on agriculture. Besson’s coefficient of persistence (RB) and a coefficient comparable to a correlation coefficient (rB) for rainfall persistence have been calculated for four stations (Mosul , Rutba, Baghdad , Basra) representing the north, south, east and west of Iraq. We have used the mean daily monthply rainfall during the period of the year (1971 - 2000) and the results have shown for each of the values of (RB, rB) a good persistence in rainfall where were all the values close to one. The highest persistence rainfall in Rutba station where(RB = 0.98) (rB = 0.75) ,while Baghdad is the second station of a persistence rainfall (RB = 0.92) (rB = 0.73), then Basra is the third station in persistence rainfall (RB = 0.89) (rB = 0.72) and the lowest value of Besson’s coefficient of persistence( RB) and the coefficient comparable to a correlation coefficient( rB) for the rainfall in Mosul station (RB=0.81),( rB=0.69) although the highest total number of rainy days was in this station, but it ’s the lowest persistence of rainfall among the selected station during the time period.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a complex hierarchical system of distributed database which are dependent upon each other of network users. In this paper, we explain the concept of DNS that including the structure, the components, the security and the resource records types. Also we present the DNS security proposal using complex public key to increase the security of protection that will be used to efficiently build a trust from a DNS root to the authoritative server. A proposed complex public key binds to a secret key and it is garneted by using secret key cryptographic techniques

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Image compression is one of the important aspects in image processing field. This paper discusses an idea for image compression, consists of the following steps: 1- Applying 1D-DCT on each row of an input colored image. 2- Applying 1D-DST on each column of matrix obtained from the first step. 3- Quantization process is applied to increase number of zeros; this matrix is converted into one-dimensional array by scanning the matrix column by column. 4- Using Run Length Encoding, to minimize the number of coefficients. 5- Using Arithmetic coding procedure, to compress the minimized array. The decompression algorithm will reverse the compression steps used above. The decompressed image is compared with JPEG by Mean-Square-Error (MSE) and compression ratio as a measurement for the comparison between the conventional methods and our algorithm. Keywords: DCT, DST, Quantization, RLE, Arithmetic coding.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex