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Studies on the effect of K fertilizers application in increasing water use efficiency anddecreasing the negative effect of water stress, quite limited especially under fieldconditions. A field experiment was conducted in silty clay loam in Agricultural ResearchStation of Abu-Graib- Baghdad, Iraq to study the effect of different levels of Kfertilizers application on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and their role in decreasingnegative effect of water stress.Treatments include four levels of K fertilizer (0, 200, 400 and 600 kg K2SO4 ha -1)and two levels irrigation (after depletion of 50 and 75 % of available water). Resultsrevealed the following

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A study was carried out to assess the impact of using SWRT on irrigationwater use efficiency IWUE and yields of Tomato. Experiments were carried out attwo different locations, the first was in Najaf province and the second in Diyalaprovince /Iraq 2014 during spring season in sandy soil classified as Typic Torrifloventand Typic Torripsamments. The experiments included four treatments: WRT, organicmatter, tillage and no–tillage farming and the design was randomized completeblocked design RCBD with four replications. Irrigation scheduling was performedaccording to soil moisture content as 35% of available water was depleted thenirrigation water was added from subsurface drip system to bring soil moisturecontent back to field capacity. Soil sensors 5TE from the Decagon Devices, USA wereused to measure volumetric water content. The results showed that1. The use of SWRT technology leads to save 39% and 42% of the amount ofirrigation water added to the tomato crop compared to the tillage treatments(control) for Diyala and Najaf location, respectively.2. Increasing the productivity of the agricultural unit in SWRT with improvedquality of fruits, the increase percentage of tomato 15.35% and 30.12%compared to the tillage treatments, for Diyala and Najaf location, respectively.3. The decrease of amounts irrigation water added, leads to increase water useefficiency in SWRT 88.78%and 156.61% compared with control treatment forDiyala and Najaf location, respectively.4. Improved most vegetative growth characteristics of the two sites in SWRTtreated compared with the control treatment: plant height, leaf area, numberof leaves and flowering. In addition to improving the quality characteristics offruits: percentage of total soluble solids TSS and the content fruits of vitaminC, the percentage of acidity and hardness of fruits

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The objective of the study was to estimate the crop water requirement, water use efficiency and fertilizers productivity (agronomic efficiency) of squash under irrigation treatments and humic fertilizers. The study was carried out in the field of Agricultural Collage- University of Baghdad-Al - Jadriya during spring season 2016. Factorial experimental was used Randomized Complete Block Design including twelve treatments in three replicates. The first factor was irrigation including three treatments irrigation was imposed at 35, 50 and 70% depletion of available water, whereas the second one was organic fertilizers (humic acid) with four levels 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1. The water content of depletion water for 0-0.2m layer was calculated from planting till shoot growth and increasing of irrigation water depth to include 0-0.3m during flowering and yield formation stages. Actual evapotranspiration was estimate using water balance equation, reference evapotranspiration from modified Penman Montieth equation.ETa values recorder 440, 395 and 335 mm at 35, 50 and 70% depletion of available water, respectively, while the ETo recorder 457 mm. Application of humic acid lead to increase water use efficiency field and crop, and fertilizer productivity for all irrigation treatments and reached 6.50, 5.84 kg m-3 and 359.6, respectively under irrigation at 35% depletion available water and 30 kg ha-1 humic acid. The results showed that suffered squash to water stress lead to reduced water use efficiency, fertilizer productivity and fruit yield. The results also showed that a quality characteristic of squash was improved in response to humic acid application.

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A field study has been conducted during two autumn seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Al-Anbar province to determine the actual water use by mungbean crop (Vigna radiata L.) under water stress conditions and potassium fertilizer, as well as the assessment of crop and vegetative growth characteristics. Four treatments of irrigation are used (I1 watering when %50 of available water used (treatment measure), I2 watering when %25 of treatment measure used, I3 watering when %50 of treatment measure used and I4 watering when %75 of treatment measure used) and three levels of potassium Sulfate fertilizer (41.5% K) (40, 80 and 120 kg. ha-1) in addition to the control (K0) are used, it is given K1, K2 and K3 to the potassium levels respectively. A split plot in randomized complete block design is used with three replications to do this experiment. Treatments of irrigation are used as main plots while potassium fertilizer levels are used as sub-plot. Least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability is used to compare the means. The results showed superiority of the treatment of irrigation I1 in all characteristics (plant height and number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant and leaf area and leaf area index) in the first and second seasons, respectively, do not differ significantly for the treatment of irrigation I2 and all the characteristics and two seasons, respectively. While fertilization treatment K3 showed its superiority in all characteristics, do not differ significantly for the treatment of fertilization K2 in leaf area in the first season, the number of branches and number of leaves per plant in the second season. The interaction among I1K3, I2K3 and I1K2 significantly give the highest means for all plant characteristics without significant differences.

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The field study is conducted during two autumn seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Al-Anbar province to determine the actual water use by mungbean crop (Vigna radiata L.) under water stress conditions and potassium fertilizer, as well as the assessment of crop and growth characteristics. Four treatments of irrigation are used (I1 watering when %50 of available water used (treatment measure), I2 watering when %25 of treatment measure used, I3 watering when %50 of treatment measure used and I4 watering when %75 of treatment measure used) and three levels of potassium Sulfate fertilizer (41.5% K) (40, 80 and 120 kg. ha-1) in addition to the control (K0) are used, it is given K1, K2 and K3 to the potassium levels respectively. A split plot in randomized complete block design was used with three replications to do this experiment. Treatments of irrigation are used as main plots while potassium fertilizer levels are used as a sub-plot. Least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability is used to compare the means. The treatment of I1 and I2 significantly gives the highest mean for yield and yield components without significant difference between them. I1 treatment gives the means( 35.26 and 33.83 pods. plant-1 ), the length of pod (7.49 and 7.41 cm), (7.35 and 6.62 seed. pod-1), 100-seed weight (4.07 and 3.78 gm), (1080.10 and 909.80 kg. ha-1) for the first and second seasons respectively, but I2 treatment has given the mean (34.09 and 32.64 pods. plant-1 ), (7.26 and 6.52 seed. pod-1), 100-seed weight (3.95 and 3.61 gm), (1047.10 and 881.60 kg. ha-1) for the first and second seasons respectively. Moreover K3 treatment significantly gives the highest means for yield and yield components (31.39 and 29.05 pods. plant-1 ),(6.88 and 6.04 seed. pod-1), 100-seed weight (4.03 and 3.67 gm), (895.30 and 743.10 kg. ha-1) for the first and second seasons respectively, The interaction among I1K3, I2K3 and I1K2 significantly gives the highest means for all plant characteristics without significant differences.

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