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The aim of the study was conducted to investigate the effects of immunization with Eimeria tenella sonicate oocysts (sporulated and unsporulated) in some blood parameters (PCV, RBCs, Hb, total WBCs, MCV, MCH and MCHC) in broiler chickens by using 100 Ross breed chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups (25 chicks each group). The1st and 2nd groups were immunized with 0.1 ml (0.1 mg/chicks sporulated and unsporulated sonicate oocysts respectively) subcutaneously at 14th day of age, while the 3rd and 4th groups were acts as control positive and negative groups (0.1 ml phosphate buffer saline/ subcutaneously). The 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups were challenge (5000 oocysts/chicks) by drenching directly into the crop at 21st day of age. The results were showed a slightly fluctuation (increase and decrease) in PCV, RBCs count, HB, Total WBCs, MCV, MCH and MCHC in immunized and positive groups compared with negative control group during the period of the experiment.

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This study was conducted to detect the zoonotic intestinal protozoa Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. infection in horses and animal handlers at Baghdad city (Al-Zawraa Zoo, Iraqi Equestrian Federation (IFE), Equestrian and Al- Dowanem), during the period 1/November/ 2014 to 31/April /2015, from both sexes one hundred eighty stool samples (92 horses, and 88 humans) were examined by direct wet smear, Lugol's iodine smear and modified Ziehle Nelseen stain. In horse the results showed that the infection rate of Giardia spp. was 4.45% by direct wet and Lugol's iodine smears. The higher infection rate 12.5% was recorded in the age group< 1-3 years and the females showed a higher infection rate 6%. In Equestrian were recorded the high infection rates 8% without significant P<0.05. While in animal handlers was showed a total infection rate 35.22%, the higher infection rate 45% was recorded in the age group <20 years and the high infection rates were recorded 36.36% in males. while the higher infection rate 50% was found in Iraqi Equestrian Federation and all group show no significant P<0.05. The results were showed that the total Cryptosporidium spp. infection rate was 64.13% by MZNS in horse. The higher infection rate recorded 70% in age group 12-150.01.Cryptosporidium spp. in animal handlers showed total infection rate 47.72%, the higher infection rate 77.77% was recorded in the age group 40-50< years and the group show significant P>0.01, with high infection rates 50% recorded in males. The higher infection rate 59.9% was recorded in Al- Dowanem areas. In ELISA for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. parasites of animal handlers, the result showed that the total infection rate was 60.23%, the higher infection rate 72.22% was found in the age group 40-50< years with different significant P>0.01. A high infection rate 63.64% was found in females and the Equestrian area was showed the higher infection rate 76.47% without significant P<0.05

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This study was conducted to detect the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in horses and their owners at Baghdad city (Al-Zawraa Zoo, Iraqi Equestrian Federation, Equestrian and Al- Dowanem), during the period 1/November/ 2014 to 31/April/ 2015. One hundred seventy eight sera (92 horses, and 86 animal handlers), were examined by Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results were showed that the infection rate in horses by LAT was 67.39% (58% females and 78.57% males) and 32.6% by ELISA (28% females and 38% males). The higher infection rate 79.16% of horses was recorded in the age group 3-<6 years, while a lower infection rate 43.75% was found in the age group <1-<3years by the LAT, while in ELISA the higher infection rate 50% was recorded in the age group 9-<12 years and a lower infection rate 18.75% was found in the age group <1-<3 years. In animal handlers the infection rates were 65.62% and 58.139% by LAT and ELISA respectively and the age group 20-30 years was showed a higher infection rates 76.92% and 65.38%, and the lower infection rate 54.16% was recorded at the age group 30-40 years in Latex and ELISA respectively. Al-Zawraa Zoo, Iraqi Equestrian Federation, Equestrian and Al- Dowanem areas were showed the infection rates 70.37%, 64%, 68% and 66.66% by LAT respectively and the infection rates were 48.14%, 20%, 32% and 26.6% by ELISA in horses, while in animal handlers the infection rates in Al-Zawraa Zoo, Iraqi Equestrian Federation Equestrian and Al- Dowanem areas were 68.18%, 83.33%, 53.33%, 77.27% by LAT and 59%, 58.33%, 63.33%, 50% by ELISA respectively

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This study was aimed to estimate the immune responses of Pasteurella multocida and Eimeria tenella antigens in rabbits. Twenty albino rabbits were divided randomly into four groups; the first group was immunized with sonicated P. multocida antigen (500µg), the second group immunized with sonicated E. tenella (500µg), third group immunized with both antigens (500 µg) and the fourth group as control that injected with PBS (pH 7.2). The cellular immune response against P. multocida was evaluated by using the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)-Skin test at 21 days post immunization. The results were showed an elevation of the mean diameter of erythema at 24hr of immunized groups and the third group was showed the highest diameter (7.32±0.54 mm) compared with the first and the second groups (5.96± 0.70 mm and 6.52± 0.41 mm) respectively. Also, there was an increase in the diameter of induration at 72 hrs and the highest diameter was recorded at the third group (6.90±0.41 mm) compared with first and second groups (2.90±0.46mm and 4.35±0.35mm) respectively with a significant differences (P˂0.05). The humoral immune response was estimated by using ELISA and Tube agglutination test. The higher antibodies titer was recorded at 49th post immunization, the highest value was found in the third group (104.31± 6.32 ng) when compared with first and second group (68.86± 9.69 ng and 80.33 ±15.95 ng) respectively with a significant differences (P˂0.05). The peak of antibody titers of tube agglutination test was recorded at the 49th day and the highest antibody titers was found in third group (512±70) when compared with first (416±86) and in the second group (352±70); with a significant difference (P˂0.05). We concluded that there was an interaction between both antigens to enhance the humoral and cellular immune response

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