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Gastrointestinal cancers (GITs) are worldwide problem particularly in highly developed countries. In Iraq, gastric cancer(GC) is the 9th most common cancer while colorectal cancers (CRC) is considered as the 7th most common cancer among all cancer patients in both males and females. The Objective of this study was to estimate the serum level of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β) in Iraqi patients who are complying from gastric and colorectal cancers. Fifty four serum samples were collected starting from the 1st of March till the mid of May of 2011 to investigate the TGF-β serum level by using ELISA technique. Thirty eight samples were gastric (H.pylori +ve) and colorectal cancer patients (GC=17, CRC=21) while the other 16 samples considered as a healthy control group. The results showed that TGF-β serum levels of both GIT tumors were increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the healthy control group. In conclusion, the presented study showed elevated serum level of TGF-β in Gastric cancer patients which could point out to use this elevation as a biomarker for tumor prognosis; while in colorectal cancer it may evade the immune system cancer killing mechanisms. We recommend further studies concerning the correlation between serum level of TGF-β in Gastric cancer patients with staging and grading, and more immunological techniques can be implied to know the exact immunological evading mechanism of colorectal cancer cells.

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Background: This study evaluate the immunohistochemical expression profile of transforming growth factor beta-1 ininflamed gingival tissue of patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis compared to healthy subjects and,determine the correlation between this cytokine and the clinical periodontal parameters, intensity of inflammationand chronic periodontitis severity.Materials and methods: Gingival tissue specimens were taken from 23 chronic periodontitis patients, 20 gingivitispatients and 20 periodontally healthy subjects. The periodontal status was evaluated by dichotomous measurementsof the clinical periodontal parameters (PLI, GI, BOP, PPD, CAL). The gingival specimens were fixed immediately in 10%formalin and processed routinely into paraffin blocks for further immunohistochemical analysis.Results: A highly significant statistical difference was observed between the study groups regarding the PLI ,GI ,thepercentage of bleeding on probing sites and the intensity of inflammation .TGF-β1 expression profile statisticalanalysis showed a high statistical significant difference among the study groups , A highly significant statisticaldifference was found between the PPD Scores while a significant statistical difference was revealed among the CALScores when the expression profile of TGF-β1 was compared.TGF-β1 was positively correlated with the clinicalperiodontal parameters (PLI, GI, and BOP) as well as with the intensity of inflammation in the three study groups. Inchronic periodontitis group a highly significant positive linear correlation between the PPD and CAL with the TGF-β1expression profile.Conclusions: TGF-β1 expression profile showed variations as the destructive character of the periodontal diseasechanged. Therefore, it could be proposed that TGF-β1 might contribute both to inflammatory regulation andremodeling events during periodontal disease

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Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced in some grains (mainly corn) by Fusarium species. Due to a structural similarity between FB1 and sphinganine, sphingolipids metabolism is inhibited. Such inhibition plays a critical role in cell to cell singling and structure of lipoprotein; therefore FB1 has been suggested to have a relationship with human and animal cancer. This research is planned to study the effect of FB1 on male mice at two doses (20 and 30 μg/ ml) on the expression of TGF-β1 and p16 in liver cells. Three groups of Swiss albino male mice; each group was orally administrated with FB1 toxin as the following: normal saline (control group); 20 and 30 μg/ ml. All groups were sacrificed after two weeks of oral management. Liver samples were collected and prepared for immunohistochemistry technique (IHC) using anti-TGF-β1 and anti-p16 antibodies. The results showed that exposure to FB1 caused significant elevation of TGF-β1 in both doses (76.74 ± 2.387% and 80.62 ± 7.277%, respectively) in comparison with the control group (46.79 ± 2.404%). The level of p16 protein was decreased at 20 μg/ml (76.63 ± 2.349%) and then increased at 30 μg/ml (81.25 ± 6.263%) but the expression was lower than that of control (90.00 ± 0.805%). In conclusion, FB1 has a significant effect on TGF-β1 and p16 protein expression at both doses (20 and 30 μg/ml), and therefore, its role in cancer development is suggested.

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Background: Psoriasis is a multifactorial and inflammatory skin disease. The etiology is not well. A large number of cytokines have been shown to be elevated in serum concentration and psoriatic lesion, and the elevation is correlate with psoriasis severity. Objective: To evaluate TNF-a and TGF-B1 index in psoriasis which could help as predictive marker of severity of psoriasis in Baquba teaching hospital Iraq.Patients and Methods: Forty nine patients with psoriasis (27male and 22 female) were included in this study . Their age range between (7-70) years old. The study was performed in Baquba Teaching Hospital during period from December 2018 to June 2019. Each case was diagnosed by Dermatologist.Results: In our study we compare the mean, standard deviation and P. value of TNF-a and TGF-B in patients of psoriasis. We have found that psoriasis patients have a highly significant difference compared to controls(P=0.001) in both genders.Conclusion: This study concludes a significant association between tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta-1 in psoriasis patients in both gender.

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