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This study covers the examination of the hydrogeologic conditions and the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers within the hydrologic regime of Al-Anbar Governorate. Also, the research shed light on the flow behavior regime and its effectiveness on the groundwater movement, considering the regional geologic settings including, geomorphologic, structural and sediment logical phenomena. The results that derived from this study are:
1-Determination of groundwater quality zones throughout the distribution maps of hydrochemical facies (Water Type) and TDS. 2-Compilation of various hydraulic parameters and hydro chemical characteristics of the groundwater.3-determination of main productive aquifers. 4-Compilation the hydraulic parameters and hydro- chemical characteristics of groundwater in unite maps from the available previous hydrogeologic studies.5-determination & selection groundwater zones depending on preferable procedures for future significant exploitation aiming to various groundwater uses.

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AbstractBackground:Aspirated tracheobronchial foreign bodies in infants , children & adults occur throughout the world . Objective : To determine the type of foreign bodies , common site , procedure for removal of foreign bodies. Materials& methods:This is a descriptive study was done Over a period of 2 years in Al_Anbar government in the period of From January 2008 to December 2009, 100 case were referred to the department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery of Al-Ramadi teaching hospital & Al-Fallujah General hospital in Al-Anbar government because of suspected aspiration of tracheobronchial foreign bodies. The data collected were included age ,gender , history of foreign bodies inhalation from the patients or from their relatives. In 75 instances, a definite history of foreign body inhalation was obtained & confirmed at bronchoscopic examination, the remaining 25 patients, about whom such information was unobtainable, where treated for some time as if they had a chest infection, at bronchoscopic study, however, a foreign body was found in 15 cases.Results: The youngest patient was 5 months old ,& the accident was most prevalent in children between the ages of 1-5 Years in 73 patients with or suspected foreign bodies inhalation in trachea or bronchus ,with nearly equal in female & male 51%,49% respectively. Metallic foreign bodies in 29% of cases & seeds in 28% ,67% of foreign bodies arrested at right main bronchus & watermelon in 35.8% in right bronchus .No radiological finding in 32 % ,& 64% without significant complication with rigid or flexible bronchoscopy, while laryngeal edema in 23% of complication treated conservative.Rigid bronchoscopy in 87 cases while flexible in 15 cases recently admitted to Al-Fallujha General hospital .Lastly 75 cases with history of foreign body inhalation & 25 cases with no clear history. Conclusion & Recommendation:1. In Al-Anbar as other part of Iraq ,the prevalence of tracheobronchial aspiration of foreign bodies in children is high than adults.2. The complication rate increases as the time to the diagnosis and extraction of the object exceeds 24 hours.3. Bronchoscopy ( rigid & flexible ) can be both diagnostic & therapeutic .4. Thoracic surgeons are familiar with both techniques , the rigid & the flexible types in diagnosis & therapy ,while chest physicians are allowed to practice flexible bronchoscopy for diagnostic procedure .5. Bronchoscopy is a simple & safe procedure but when an accident occur ,serious complication may arise with devastating rapidity .6. Theoretically ,the prevention of foreign bodies is simple ; in practice ,it is almost impossible .7. Holding an infant's head downwards in the hope that it will come out should never be attempted ; for ,if the foreign body is free in trachea or one of the bronchi ,it is then apt to be displaced & become impacted in subglottic region resulting in asphyxia & sudden death .8. Heimlich maneuver, may be successfully treated in acute choking, with respiratory failure associated with tracheal or laryngeal foreign body obstruction.

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Background: Urinary calculi are the third most common affliction of the urinary tract, exceeded only by urinary tract infections and pathologic conditions of the prostate. The lifetime prevalence of kidney stone disease is estimated at 1% to 15%. Aim of study: to determine different types of renal stones in Al-Anbar Governorate.Materials and methods: from November 2008 till November 2010 (265) patients having upper tract stone disease were studied in Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital.All these stones that were analyzed by chemical method were obtained from those patients either by spontaneous passage, medical expulsive therapy, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy [ ESWL], or by surgical operation.Results: In this study, the age of those patients ranges from 17-62 years old. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The distribution of stones in Al-Anbar Governorate was: Uric acid stone 50.6%, calcium oxalate stone 38.1%, calcium phosphate stone 5.3%, cystine stone 1.9%,mixed(calcium and uric acid) stone 4.1%.Conclusion: High incidence of uric acid stones in Al-Anbar Governoratewhich are more in males than in females .The main cause for these results is unknown, but dietary factor (proteins) may play a major role in stone formation in Al-Anbar Governorate.

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Background: Hepatitis C virus is a major health problem in haemodialysis patients. Many workers described the prevalence of anti-HCV among selected population in Iraq. No study among haemodialysis patients was reported in Al-Anbar governorate.Objective: this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HCV infection among haemodialysis patients and other risk factors in Al-Anbar province.Materials & Methods: A total of 87 haemodialysis patients together with sixty renal - unit staff members as controls were included in this study. A questionnaire form was filled for each subject. The data requested included demographic data and risk factors for exposure to HCV such as blood transfusion and duration of dialysis. All participants were screened for anti-HCV and HBsAg.Results: A significant higher rate of anti-HCV among haemodialysis patients (11.7%) than controls (1.6%). Anti-HCV rate was significantly higher among haemodialysis patients with history of blood transfusion than those without such a risk factor. Patients with longer duration on dialysis had significantly higher rate of anti-HCV when compared with those with shorter duration on dialysis. We found no significant association between anti-HCV positivity and exposure to hepatitis B or gender.Conclusion: A significant association between HCV infection and haemodialysis patients was suggested by this study. Blood transfusion and duration of haemodialysis are main risk factors for the prevalence of HCV infection. Key words: HCV infection, haemodialysis, Al-Anbar governorate

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Abstract: Background: Many workers described the prevalence of anti-HCV among selected populations in Iraq. No study among diabetic patients was reported. Objective: This study was carried out to study the prevalence of HCV infection among diabetics in Ai-Anbar governorate.Materials & Methods: A total of 280 diabetics together with 230 apparently "healthy" subjects were included in this study. A questionnaire form was filled for each diabetic and "healthy" subject. The data requested included demographic data, type of diabetes, and risk factors for exposure to HCV. All participants were screened for anti-HCV.Results: A significant higher rate of anti-HCV among diabetics (4.6%) was observed than controls (0.8%). Anti-HCV rate was significantly higher among type 2 diabetic patients (6.3%) than type 1 diabetic patient (1.8%). Type 2 diabetic patients with a history of blood transfusion, surgical intervention, frequent hospitalization and frequent injections had significantly higher rate of anti-HCV when compared with those with out such risk factors.Conclusion: A significant relationship between HCV infection and type 2 diabetes was suggested by this study. Larger prospective studies should include persons at a high risk of both HCV and type 2 diabetes to establish the relationship between these two conditions.

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Abstract: This study included the test of 56 slaughtered camels with different ages and sex number (26 males and 30 females) in different areas in Al-Anbar to investigate "Sarcocystiosis" caused by Sarcocystis cameli by both optical and microscopic tests for the three respective years 2007 , 2008 and 2009 . Results revealed an optical infestation was 1.78% and microscopic infestation (by muscle ingestion with pepsin and fluid testing) of 80.3% . The infestation percent in females was 48.2% which was higher than the infestation percent in males which was 32.1% . The infestation percent had increased as age had increased . The highest infestation percent was 76.8% at age more than four years . Also , the highest average of oesophageal infestation percent was 73.8% and the lowest was 51.8% for cardiac infestation .

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Kala azar is endemic in parts of Iraq. Aseroprevalence study was carried out in the adultsin AL-Anbar governorate Serum samples were taken form 202 adult from both sexbetween 18-73 year old from different areas in AL- Anbar in the period from January toDecember 2008 and by using immune chromatographic strip test . There was no significantcant difference in sero positivity between the sexes(9.9% males & 11.9% females ) . thehighest rate of infection ( 3.46 % )was in the age group 24-30 years,among all seroposivityvisceral leish maniasis cases included in this study , the highest frequency of visceralleishmaniasis was reported in july 7cases(2.9% ).Further studies are needed explore thereservoirs and vectors of the disease in this region.

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ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND:Hyperlipidemia is a strong predictor risk of cardiovascular events. There are insufficient data on the lipid profile in diabetics in Iraq. This study was carried out to determine the lipid profile among diabetics in Al-Anbar governorate.MATERIALS:A total of 136 diabetics (116 were with type 2 diabetes and 20 were with type 1 diabetes) attending Al- Ramadi general hospital, Al-Anbar, were included in the study. Total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were estimated.RESULTS:Elevated total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and TG were detected among patients with type1 and type2 diabetes. Only level of TG was associated with the duration of type2 diabetes, while levels of LDL, VLDL and HDL were significantly associated with duration of type 1 diabetes.CONCLUSION:Lipid and diabetes awareness program for Iraqi population should be applied in an attempt to improve the overall health status of Iraqi population.

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Objective of this research is to analyze the items of revenue and costs to demonstrate the economic efficiency of the suppliers of labor and capital, as among the basic resources that contributes to the success of any economic activities in the event of employing and use of optimal use, and here was the use of some of the measurement criteria to identify the economic efficiency in such This type of livestock projects (fields fattening lambs), which is one of the important contribution of the provision of part of the routine animal through the production of red meat And in this research were selected when you search in the district of Heat to a random sample from the fields of fattening lambs and distributed a questionnaire prepared for this purpose on the owners of those fields that included 13 field. And for the purpose of ensuring the accuracy of the data was the distribution of these fields into four categories (stings) (20-50), (60-100), (110-150), (160-200), respectively... The results showed that the proportion of variable costs formed 86% and fixed '. costs 14% v` tl:e total costs. Fields sample and showed the results of the economic criteria used in assessing the efficiency of resource use for the fields fattening Aljmlan and actress (b profit, net cash income, net farm income, return on Farm Management, return on working farm, gross value added, net value-added, return on investment dinar can afford, period of recovery of capital and quantity of production at break-even point). The results showed that all categories of the research sample showed positive results and was the most efficient is a category (160-200), which followed in the important category (110-150) and while the achieved category (20-50), (60-100) is an indicator a negative return on farm management only where it was clarified the reasons in the body of research. As for the Dinar investor return wass mixed simple differences between the category and the other, either a standard recovery period was the capital (2.26) (2.11), (0.9) and (0.54), respectively, also excelled category the third and fourth in a time of recovery. This has shown the standard amount of output at a point clear advantage to the second category, and the third to overcome a point about the profit and which formed the quantity (5772 kg), (3746 kg) and the difference between production achieved and the output at a point when the fourth category and the third investigator quantity (3850 kg) and (3369 kg), respectively

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