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Image preprocessinghas assumed an essential part ofhandwriting recognition system. The main primary stage of the image preprocessing is thresholding.Aneffectivethresholdingmethodis based on Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM) for Arabic Handwriting Recognition system (AHR) has been proposed in this paper. Since thresholding stage in AHR isimperative to reduce the dimensionality of image to remove the undesirableinformation (noise)then increase the processing speed of the AHR system. The algorithm is performing by feedingthe intensity of the pixel value of the image pixels into the FCM clustering algorithm. Exploratory results with artificial and real life images show thatthe proposed method gives better accuracy and good efficiency than the current methods.

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Due to the rapid development of distributed computing systems, the use of local networks, and the huge expansion of the Internet, the process of maintaining the confidentiality of information becomes important and necessary. Encryption is one of the most important ways to keep information confidential and to prevent unauthorized people from disclosing this information. Many cryptographic algorithms have appeared in different ways and methods. But most of these algorithms have been devoted for encrypting texts in the English language. Because of the increasing important and sensitive information exchange in the Arabic language by users on the Internet, an urgent need has appeared to build dedicated encryption systems for the Arabic language. The aim of this research is to provide a proposed encryption method that uses the idea of combining the methods of transposition and substitution cipher for the purpose of Arabic texts confidentiality. This research depends on using diacritics in the Arabic language to perform the process of substitution cipher. The efficiency of the proposed method has been tested on different texts; the method provides high speed execution, the length of the encrypted texts is almost close to the clear text length, and the confidentiality of the resulting encrypted texts is high.

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The Random Number Generators (RNGs) are very important in a wide range of applications, the most popular one in security fields rely on the randomness of certain parameters and also in many other fields.This paper proposed a new algorithm for generating a pseudo random number, based on using secret sharing method. The proposed method takes Arabic text as the seed which represents as the secret value of the secret sharing, then specify the length and range of RNG, after that generating several shares. These shares can be used as the random numbers. The test results show the proposed method has long period and proved the efficient using Arabic text as seed of the RNG.

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An Optical Character Recognition system for Arabic language should recognize Arabic handwritten words. However, it is difficult to find a freely accessible and comprehensive database of all Arabic words that can be employed for this purpose. Therefore, it is more efficient to divide the Arabic words into sub-words or characters. As there is no comprehensive Arabic handwritten character database that is accessible free of charge, interested researchers can utilize the database developed as a part of this work in recognition system training and output testing.In the present paper, a database is presented containing scanned images of 700 Arabic handwritten characters, Hindi numbers used in Arabic countries, and some special characters utilized in Arabic alphabet, along with their different positions (e.g., standalone, initial, medial and terminal), different sizes, styles and font colors. The aim is to provide sufficient samples for all character shapes for software training, resulting in greater accuracy in the recognition phase.These forms were filled by students of the Applied Sciences College, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq and were scanned at the 200, 300, and 600 dpi resolution. A graphical user interface (GUI) software environment is employed to make the manipulation of the created database easier, and provide many image processing functions that are allowed to be built the database easier

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Image preprocessing has assumed an essential part in Arabic Handwriting Recognition System (AHRS). It has several stages which affect the accuracy of the recognition system. An efficient preprocessing framework for Arabic handwriting recognition system has been proposed in this paper. Since preprocessing stage in AHRS is imperative to reduce the dimensionality of image to remove the undesirable information then increase the processing speed of the AHRS. Besides, it provide correction process for the dataset elements to make it work probably through several processes that will discuss in this paper. Exploratory results with artificial and real life images shows that, the proposed method gives an efficient results that help to get a high recognition rate in the AHRS.

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Calculating similarities between texts that have been written in one language or multiple languages still one of the most important challenges facing the natural language processing. This work offers many approaches that used for the texts similarity. The proposed system will find the similarity between two Arabic texts by using hybrid similarity measures techniques: Semantic similarity measure, Cosine similarity measure and N-gram ( using the Dice similarity measure). In our proposed system we will design Arabic SemanticNet that store the keywords for a specific field(computer science), by this network we can find semantic similarity between words according to specific equations. Cosine and N-gram similarity measures are used in order to find the similar characters sequences. The proposed system was executed by using Visual Basic 2012, and after testing it, it proved to be a worthy for finding the similarity between two Arabic texts (From the viewpoint of accuracy and search time).

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With the fast development of internet innocent over communication in the network environment has become an important research direction. Steganography means that secret information is embedded into cover data imperceptibly for transmission. Linguistic Steganography covers all the techniques that deal with using written natural language to hide the secret message. This paper, presents a linguistic steganography for Arabic language texts, using Kashida and Fast Fourier Transform on the basis of using a new technique entitled Random Singular Value Decomposition Image as a location to hide a secret message. The proposed approach is an attempt to present a transform linguistic steganography using levels for hiding to improve implementation of kashida, and improve the security of the secret message by using Random Singular Value Decomposition Image. The proposed algorithm achieves typical steganography properties such as capacity, security, transparency, and robustness.

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Dr. Mustafa Jawad is considered one of the most brilliant figures that left a print in the field of writing and criticizing books. He had great brilliance, a linguistic sense that indicated his great love of Arabic, wide acquaintance with its precise rules which he amazingly memorized, and an academic ability to recall them at the right time. He demonstrated a great skill in reading and savouring the old text and encouraging the recipients to get connected to their mother tongue, learn it in detail and be familiar with its treasures in order to be qualified in accepting correct texts as presented by scholars of whatever schools they belong to. He assigned one third of his academic legacy for books criticism. He demonstrated a great skill and courage in debating the critical editors and referring them to the sources that they should consult in their academic performance before presenting their books. I have given my study the title “Dr. Mustafa Jawad and the Optimal Emendation for the Old Arabic Text” in an attempt to highlight a small part of that profound reservoir of knowledge that this great genius scholar represent and refer to the most important standards that he adopted in criticizing books. The study included a preface, three chapters and a conclusion. The preface was titled: Dr. Mustafa Jawad and his salient works. Chapter One: Employment of Arabic Grammar in Criticizing Books. Chapter Two: Employment of Lexiconal Contents in Criticizing Books.Chapter Three: Rational Evidences, Close Reading and Their Impacts on Book Criticism The conclusion of the study covered the most important findings.

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This paper deals with the problem of using Arabic tex ts by researchers even in programming languages or internet search. The difficulties of Arabic language in programming languages and search the Internet have created a need to propose a system to code Arabic alphabets in all its forms and to be used in various applications and languages software ‎that ‎do not support the Arabic language in their content. Thus, it is ‎possible to ‎deal with the Arabic language and conducts many operations easily to download ‎them through this system by using any Arabic text. The proposed system depends on three algorithms: the first is to code Arabic letters in any text, the second (code-function) is to code letters in any position shape in the text (first letters, middle letters, final letters and separated letters) and the third algorithm is to experiment the success rate of the proposed coding system. The proposed coding system has been examined for different texts representing Arabic poetries. Visual Basic.net 2015 language has been used to apply the proposed system. A confirmation function has been proposed which achieves 100% success rate of the coding system.

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The reading modernist proceed from the need to include language - any language Alouha-, culture, and history in every attempt to understand and Modath in the historical and human context, religious texts is not the paradox of linguistic and cultural structure, which was formed in which the according to what you are saying by reading this. And can be traced suit modernists by highlighting the Qur'anic miracles, Valaajaz his idea is based on the word of God and that came on the Arab rule and its system, which could be called a b (human dimension), but I can not Arabs Bnzation and methods of a (divine) dimension.The research found that the argument modernists that religious texts are not the paradox of linguistic and cultural structure, which was formed in which - in the sense that the sacred words become in our grasp when Eetmoda in human language beginning from the moment the Prophet pronounce revelation (humanized text) - unfounded, through Miracles characteristic which quoted the text of a divine being in the transcendent beyond to being in Ajazia beyond reflected. And that the text of the Quran through likeness not Eetmah with the prevailing Arab system, and as elaborated cultural patterns of laws and rules, but the foundations for its uniqueness and Odbeth that made him an example of the former is not. Starting from Arabs puzzled to find his naturalization, to approach Albaqlani which has superiority over the texts which reached the top of the peak of eloquence and rhetoric to prove after what the defect and the lack of, and then approach Jerjani based on who organized strange advantage over the rest of the creative texts.

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