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Phoenix dactylifera l. pinnae (the green leaves of dates palm) were used as natural reinforcing (strengthening) fibers to improve the mechanical properties of polyester as a matrix material, the fibers of the green leaves of dates palm were used in two lengths, 10 and 20mm with five rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% , where the reinforcing with the leaves fibers increases the hardness strength from 76.5 to be about 86.55 , the Impact value raised from about 0.313 to 0.461 , in addition to that the flexural strength from 2.66 to be about 55 , and the thermal conductivity increases from 2.54

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Synthetic biomaterials for bone repair and substitute must be yield to critical criteria , one of them, their mechanical properties should not be very less than that for natural bone to prevent fast failure, nor much higher to prevent stress shielding effect which led to fast implant collapse. Other important issue, it should not cause inflammation in implantation region. According to these criteria, many researchers investigated several biomaterials. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) biocomposite is considered a promising biomaterials, because of their superior properties and good biocompatibility with host tissue. Alumina (Al2O3), considered a bio inert ceramic used in this work to modify mechanical properties. Hot pressing technique adopted in this work with pressing pressure of 50 MPa at 370,380,390, and400 C° compounding temperatures to produce different compositions implants. Animal model used to study inflammation behaviour for implants as a comparison with control group. X-Ray radiological test were carried out for both, implants and control regions. Mechanical testing shows good values, similar to natural bone. No inflammation observed in injury area.

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This work take in consideration the application of Taguchi optimizationmethodology in optimizing the parameters for processing (composition,compounding pressure) and their effects on the output physical (Density and trueporosity) properties and mechanical(fracture strength and microhardness)properties for the Nano HA,Al2O3 fillers reinforced HDPE hybrid compositematerial for orthodontic application. An orthogonal array of the Taguchiapproach was used to analyses the effect of the processing parameters on thephysical and mechanical properties. On the other hand, the surface roughnessand particle size distribution were also calculated to study their effect on theoutput properties. The result shows that the Taguchi approach can determine thebest combination of processing parameters that can provide the optimal physicaland mechanical conditions, which are the optimum values (the optimumcomposition was15HA/ 5Al2O3/80HDPE, and optimum compounding pressurewas102 MPa.

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