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Hundred thousands tons of cement kiln dust (CKD) as well as other emissionsare generated annually from existing cement plants in Iraq with significanteconomic and environmental impacts. Therefore, an environmental sector planshould be adopted to scrub the emissions and sound management of CKD wasteleading to save resources and secure better environmental quality are called for.A survey was conducted and carried out covering all cement plants. Analysis ofdata collected has shown that the production capacity was significantly decreasedto about 38 % on the average of the designed capacity. The consumption of rawmaterials and fuel per unit production was increased by about 13 % and 23 %,respectively. The amount of generated CKD is found to be variable among thedifferent cement plants. It can be estimated that the generated CKD on the averageis about (8-33) % of the production output depending on the conditions of eachplant.This study serves to establish a factual basis to develop a convenientenvironmental management plan for the cement industry sector. This studyproposes an environmental mitigation and monitoring plan to address theenvironmental and social challenges to improve the environmental performance ofIraqi cement industry sector.

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Cement kiln dust (CKD) is a waste of cement manufacture. The disposal dust becomes an environmental threat. In order to overcome this problem, researchers are carried out to find out the economical and the efficient means of utilizing it in various applications .One of these applications is adding it as partial replacement of cement. The aim of present work is investigating the effect of CKDs fineness on the consistency and setting time of cement, when utilized as a partial replacement. the CKD was grind by jet mill and classify into 7 groups according fineness (3000 , 6000 , 7000 , 8000 , 9000 , 10000 , 11000) cm2/gm then prepared blends with (5 ,10 , 15 , 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 and 40) % replacement by CKD for each fineness ,and compare between two sources of CKD ( kufa and Bazian cement plant) which different in location and manufacturing process .The results showed that increasing of fineness lead to increasing of water demand for consistency for each CKD, with different in water amount between types of CKD. Setting time(initial and final) retarded with increase fineness of CKD of kufa plant while accelerated setting time with increase fineness of CKD of Bazian plant .where the results indicated that increasing of CKD fineness lead to increasing activity of CKD compounds which affected on cement hydration according to its activity and percent's presence of each type of CKDs .

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major chronic non communicable diseases that affect millions globally. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading to end stage kidney disease (CKD). Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess some profiles of diabetic end stage kidney disease patients with AVF on haemodialysis at baseline and adequacy of treatment after three months follow up regarding different clinical and laboratory parameters.Methodology: The current prospective study was carried out in the haemodialysis unit in AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital (Iraq / Thi-Qar) from April to July 2016. The number of patients included in the study was (24) patients.Results: The majority of patients were not educated and 50 % of them were smokers. The adherence rate of the patients with haemodialysis schedule was 50%. The prevalence of HCV infection was significantly higher among adherent than non-adherent patients.Conclusion: The management of diabetic end stage kidney disease patients with AVF on maintenance haemodialysis is considered inadequate and there was a high rate of acquiring viral hepatitis C infection after beginning sessions of hemodialysis.

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Copper removal from simulated wastewater was achieved using Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) as adsorbent. The effects of contact time, pH, initial copper ion concentration, rotational speed, and Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) amount were studied. The best operating conditions were determined by applying a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the copper concentration has the main effect on the efficiency of copper removal followed by time, shaking rate, dosage of cement kiln dust, and pH. The best operating conditions were found to have a pH value of 8, contact time 90 minutes, shaking rate of 300 rpm, copper ion concentration 20 ppm, and a quantity of CKD equivalent to 35 g / l. Based on this optimum condition, 99 % of the efficiency of copper removal was achieved.

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Abstract This research examines the potential of using cement kiln dust (CKD) as a blended cement material to study the effects of this partial replacement on the most important properties of cement paste, mortar and concrete. The levels of replacement of cement by an equal amount of the (CKD) dust were (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30)% by weight. A reference cement paste, mortar and concrete mix were also prepared for comparison. The tested properties included the initial setting time of each cement paste and the compressive and tensile strengths of mortars and concrete. Water curing was used for all specimens and the strength tests were carried out at (3, 7, 28) days. Results of experimental data reveal that (CKD) can be effectively used as a partial cement material. The initial setting time of the cement paste is decreased with the increase of (CKD) content due to the high amount of lime and alkalis in (CKD). Besides, the compressive and tensile strengths of the blended cement and concrete specimens were also found to be comparable to the strengths of the reference mixes at all levels of replacement. Generally, it was indicated that the compressive strength decreased with the increase of (CKD) content. The (10)% replacement level had the best results in the compressive strengths of mortars and concretes at all ages in comparison to the reference mixes, also this level of substitution had a significant effect on the tensile strength of the mortars and concretes at early ages. It was noted that (15)% (CKD) replacement maintained the higher tensile strength of mortars at (7, 28) days, whereas a (25)% (CKD) had a similar effect but at (3, 28) days. Keywords: Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), Partial Replacement, Utilization.

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is associated with slightly higher frequency prevalence of primary hypothyroidism , but at the same studies on thyroid hormone status in uremic patients has reported conflicting results. This study was undertaken during the period from February 2014 to January 2015to quantify thyroid hormones (T3,T4 and TSH) ,cystatin C, different oxidative stress parameters like serum Ceruloplasmin (CP), Carbonyl, Thiol and total protein (TP) and four trace elements (Molybdenum (Mo), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn) and Magnesium (Mg) and explore correlation between these parameters in (75) non- dialyzed CKD patients’ verses (52) healthy controls. Results indicated that the levels of (T3, T4,CP, TP,thiol,Mo ,Cd and Mg were significantly reduced (p≤ 0.05)while the levels of TSH ,cystatin C ,carbonyl and Mnweremildly significantly increase(p≤ 0.05) in patients group compared to healthy controls.The correlation coefficient ( r ) test is used to describe the association between these parameters,T3 and T4 were negatively correlated with cystatin C ,carbonyl, Mn and Mg, positively correlated with(thiol and protein) .T4 positively correlated with CP while T3 not correlated with CP.TSH positively correlated with (CP, carbonyl,thiol,protein), finally, CP negatively correlated with cystatin C and positively correlated with Mn and Mg.

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Zinc removal from simulated wastewater was achieved using cement kiln dust an adsorbent material. Effects of contact time, pH, zinc ion concentration, rotational speed, and amount of CKD were investigated. The best operating conditions were determined via application of response surface methodology. Results showed that zinc concentration has the main effect on zinc removal efficiency followed by time, shaking, CKD dosage and pH. The best operating conditions were found to be pH value equal to 8, contact time of 90 minutes, rotational speed of 300 rpm, zinc ion concentration of 20 ppm and the amount of cement kiln dust (CKD) equal to 35 g L. based on these optimum condition, 99.37% zinc removal efficiency was obtained

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Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease have multiple alterations of thyroid hormone metabolism in the absence of concurrent thyroid disease. These may include elevated basal TSH values, which may transiently increase to greater than 10 mU/liter, blunted TSH response to TRH, diminished or absent TSH diurnal rhythm, altered TSH glycosylation, and impaired TSH and TRH clearance rates. In addition, serum total and free T3 and T4 values may be reduced, free rT3 levels are elevated while total values are normal, serum binding protein concentrations may be altered, and disease-specific inhibitors reduce serum T4 binding . Objective:. To assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism and u/s abnormalities of thyroid gland in patients with chronic kidney disease at different levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and their association with age , sex and duration of chronic renal failure . cross sectional study.Patients and Method: a cross sectional study total of 50 patients who seek medical advice in Baghdad teaching hospital (29 male , 21 female) , the mean of their age was 60, with established chronic kidney disease were categorized into five groups according to the stages of chronic kidney disease . Full clinical, biochemical ( includes blood urea , serum creatinine , total T3, total T4 , TSH ) , thyroid ultrasonography studies were performed to all patients in this study. Risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and family history of CKD were also recorded. Type of treatment of CKD whether conservative or renal replacement therapy ( in form of peritoneal or hemodialysis) were also Results:- From a total of 50 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD ), eight patients had hypothyroidism (16 %) , three patients from stage 4 CKD and five patients from stage 5 CKD . Twelve patients from study sample had abnormalities in thyroid ultrasonography (24%) , one patient from stage 2 CKD , three patients from stage 3 CKD ,three patients from stage 4 CKD and five patients from stage 5 CKD . Thyroid ultrasound abnormalities includes six patients with simple goiter and six patients with multinodular goiter .From those eight patients with hypothyroidism , six patients were males (75%) and two patients were females (25%) .Regarding 12 patients with thyroid u/s abnormalities , five patients were male (41.6%) and seven patients were female (58.4%).Statistical analysis showed a significant association between drop in GFR and drop in thyroid function, from 13 patients in stage 4 CKD , three patients (23.07%) had hypothyroidism , and from 23 patients in stage 5 CKD , five patients (21.739%) had hypothyroidism . Conclusion: - reduced glomerular filtration rate was associated with an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism, with many subclinical cases. Future studies are needed to determine the potential adverse effects of subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism in persons with chronic kidney disease.Keywords: CKD, Hypothyroidism, Ultrasound of thyroid gland

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The aim of this research is the study of the effect of addition of CKD with weight ratios of CKD (0,10,20,30,40,50)pphr on the mechanical properties of rubber composite which consists of the matrix material of Reclaimed rubber and the bond material which is Styrein-Buotaden Rubber (SBR) and these properties include Tensile strength ,Elastic Modules ,Elongation ,Resilience, specific gravity, tear resistance and Hardness The result of comparison between the mechanical properties of the prepared batches, is choosing rubber composite batch ( 80R+20SBR+40 CKD) which has the more compatibility and achieves the mechanical properties, where the addition of CKD will increase the tensile strength, elastic modules and elongation until reaching the ratio 40 CKD in the batch S5. The values of resilience curve for the rubber batch S5 show regular linear dropping, gradual rising in hardness number measured for rubber batch surface ,tear resistance, specific gravity with increasing in the amount of addition materials CKD.

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Cement Klin Dust (CKD) was the waste of almost cement industry factories, so that in this paper utilization of CKD as filler in cement and/or concrete was the main objective. CKD from the Karbala cement factory had been used and analysis to know the chemical composition of the oxides was done. In this paper cement mortars with different weight percentages of CKD (0,5,10,20,30,40) had been prepared. Physical properties such as density and porosity were done in different age curing (3, 7, 28) day. In addition, mechanical properties included the coefficient of thermal conductivity and compressive strength had also observed with different age (3,7, and 28) for all prepared specimens. From the obtained the experimental results and their discussion, it was clear that the addition (20%) of CKD had the good results in cement mortars.

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