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Electro coagulation treatment was used for zinc removal from electroplating -wastewater of the State Company for Electrical Industries, This wastewater, here consists zinc ions with maximum concentration in solution of 90 ppm.The parameters that influenced the wastewater treatment are: current density in the range 1—1.4 mA/cm, pH in the range 5-10, temperature in the range 25—45°C and time in the range /0—180 minute.The research is a laboratory experimental type using batch system for electrical process with direct current. The cell comprised of aluminum electrode as anode and stainless steel electrode as cathode. Thirty experiments and one hundred fifty sample lab tests were carried out in this research to study the effect of the mentioned paramet cr5 on the efficiency of the removal process.Experimental work of this research proved a higher efficiency about 95 % removal of zinc from wastewater at 1.4 mA! cm in alkaline media atpH equal and Mmperature 45°C.

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Background: In addition to their primary indications, hypertension and congestive heart failure, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ACE-Is, have pleiotropic effects, which are under active investigations. There is growing evidence of data stating the significant role of ACE-Is in the regulation of hemostasis. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ACE-Is on coagulation in hyperlipidemia.Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawely rats aged 17-19 weeks were enrolled in this study. The animals were randomized into four groups each containg seven rats: group1, 2,3 and 4. Group 1 was fed astandard chow diet and serve as normal diet control while group 2,3 and 4 received atherogenic diet (4% cholesterol-enriched diet) for eight weeks. Animals in group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with distilled water (lipidemic control), captopril and enalapril for the next four weeks respectively. Captopril was used in a dose of 2x25 mg/kg/day P.O. Enalapril was given in a dose of 15 mg /kg/day P.O. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrified and blood sample was obtained from the heart for determination of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), plasma fibrinogen, platelets count and total serum cholesterol (TSC).Results: Hyperlipidemia is associated with significant rise in plasma fibrinogen level (p<0.05). Captopril and enalapril treatment showed significant fall in elevated plasma fibrinogen levels (p<0.05). Hyperlipidemic rats treated with captopril and enalapril for 4 weeks showed significant prolongation of PT and aPTT ( p<0.05) while the platelets counts were statistically unaffected ( p>0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that captopril and enalapril possess favorable effect on coagulation in hyperlipidemia.

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This study was conducted to identify the erythromycin resistance genes in thecoagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and its molecular characterization afterisolating the bacteria from the samples of domestic animals and their products during theperiod from September 2016 to March 2017 from different areas in Basra city. 200samples were collected from animals including: 40 samples from meat, 50 samples fromraw milk, 30 samples from treated milk, 40 samples from cow's nasal swabs and 40samples from cow's teat swabs. Results showed that from 200 collected samples only 108were CoNS distributed in 22(15.1%), 18(12.4%),10(6.8%), 26(17.9%),32(22%), frommeat, raw milk, treated milk, nasal swabs and teat swabs respectively. Samples wereplanted on the selecting mannitol salt medium to isolate Staphylococcus spp. which hadthe ability to grow on the mentioned medium. When the coagulation test was performed,some isolates were not able to produce the coagulation enzyme, and the results showedthat 108 isolates were coagulase negative (54%). Twenty-two isolates of minced meat55%, 18 isolates of cow's milk (36%), 10 isolates of milk sold (33%), 26 isolates of thenose of the animal (65%) and 32 isolates of animal teat swabs (80%). Twenty-fiveisolates of these negative staphylococci were identified using VITEK 2 kit. The resultshowed that 10(40%) isolates identified as coagulase negative Staphylococcus and fall in87four species including 4 (40%) Staphylococcus lentus, 4 (40%) Staphylococcusgallinarum, 1 (10%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and 1 (10%) Staphylococcuschromogen. When the ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA genes were investigated by PCR theresult showed that they contain the genes in a percentage 5%, 20%, 20% and 5%respectively. By using the multiplex PCR molecular weight technique (ermA, ermC) and(msrA, ermC), the ratio of both genes was 15% and 5% respectively.

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This research focuses on the use of hydrate and dehydrate aluminum sulfate (Alum) ,ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride ,Which burnt in different temperatures degrees ,or use U.S.Pat.NO.4105747 to dehydrate of ferric chloride, and compare the result and selected the batter coagulate to remove the turbidity from the water sampling light 6NTU ,medium 55NTU ,high 150NTU turbidity use the jar test to findthe change in PH and turbidity at the same condition .The study revealed the efficiency of the gradually dehydrate coagulant in reducing the turbidity from prepared samples by continuous burnt when using alum and ferrous sulfate, and when use ferric chloride in continues change from hydrate to dehydrate coagulant.The hydrate and dehydrate alum is batter coagulant for removal turbidity. The final turbidity from the light sample less than 1NTU and less than 2NTU from the medium samples, less than 3NTU from high samples.There is no change in the cost by using hydrate or dehydrate alum.It appears high increase of removal ratio between hydrate and dehydrate alum i.e from 64% to 85% for light samples and from 94% to 98% for medium samples, 91% to 98% increasing removing ratio from high turbidity samples.

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Warfarin poisoning in dogs is not unusual which is used as a rodenticide. Competitive inhibition of vitamin K with an incomplete synthesis of the coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X can lead to a significant bleeding tendency. The study was conducted at college of veterinary medicine / Basrah university to Evaluate clinical ,hematological and clotting indices in dogs in case of warfarin poisoning, which include twelve dogs of both sex at age about three years old. The animals divided to three groups equally .first group treated with 3mg warfarin tablet given orally daily,the second group treated with 5mg until the signs of poisoning appears While the third group untreated as a control. The results showed that the first group exhibited signs of warfarin poisoning like hematuria, vaginal bleeding, severe eye congestion, limping, bleeding in toe, excessive salivation, severe pale of mucus membrane in gum, hemoptysis, also the second group exhibited signs of warfarin poisoning after ten days the signs was hematuria and vaginal bleeding ,the animal showed signs of severe eye congestion, depression, weakness, and lameness ,bleeding in toe and then excessive salivation ,sever pale mucous membrane in gum, hemoptysis, blood vomit. weakness, excitement,nose bleeding, eye bleeding,protruded of eye,congestion of gum, melena and incoordination. there is significant decrease (P<0.01) in mean value of red blood cell count in dog treated with 3mg warfarin (4.09 ×106 ± o.254) as well as hemoglobin level( 9.613 g/dl±o.6085 ), packed cell volume (23.133 ±0.592) . and there is increase in mean of MCV (72. 40 fl±1.29) , MCH (23.86pg±0.52) and MCHC (32.78 g/dl ±0.50 ) which indicate macrocytic anemia . Also dogs treated with 5mg warfarin showed that the mean of red blood cell count was 3.81 ×106± 0.2347, mean of Hb was 8.30 ±1.006 g/dl and PCV 28± 2.510 with significant decrease (P<0.01) in these parameters and there is significant increase in mean of MCV,MCH. and MCHC 77.07fl±1.31 , 22.74 pg±0.49, 31.38 g/dl ±0.294 respectively . There is significant increase(P<0.01) in mean of prothrombin time and activated partial Thromboplastin Time in dogs treated with 3mg of warfarin, 1.336 ± 0.146 , 1.036 ± 0.1074 min.Respectively whencompared with control animals 0.601± 0.0863 , 0 .153±0.003min. and There is significant decrease (P>0.05) in mean value of platelets count 253.80 × 103g/l ± 18.31 compared with control group 448.12 ±52.24 . ,also there is significant increase(P<0.01) in PT. and APTT. when treated with 5mg 1.855 ±0.2039 , 1.401 ±0.1051 min.respectively,whereas the mean of platelet 240.40 × 103 g/l ± 5.39 with significant differences(P<0.01) .

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Chemicals are used to increase the settling velocity for suspended deposition colloids which are not settled in sedimentation tanks in water purification plants . For this purpose, the alum is used in wide spread across the water purification projects in Iraq. This research contains studying the factors that effect on alum amount added by conducting laboratory tests of water samples from Euphrates river at the purification plant in AL-Musayyab city over ten years (with monthly rate). It was noted that the amount added depends heavily on the turbidity of water entering the purification plant, in addition to water temperature and its pH. The results of laboratory tests have been approved, which included the measurement of the turbidity, pH, temperature, and the value of alum added. Since this method is applicable in all water purification plants. The results during the period of ten years are accredited, and subjected to multi -regression analysis. A mathematical model was conducted to calculate the alum dose, which must be added depending on the raw water turbidity, temperature, and pH. This model also has been examined by using data of another years and gave satisfactory results to be up to 91% each. This model compensates the use of the Jar-test of raw water to determine the amount of alum that must be added and sufficient by measuring the turbidity, temperature, and pH of the raw water only, and then calculating the value of the required dose of alum.

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background: Birth asphyxia has multi system effect, which predisposes to coagulopathy by enhancing consumption of platelets & some clotting factors as a results of the associated sever hypoxemia, acidaemia & sepsisObjective: To study the effects of birth asphyxia & perinatal events on the coagulation status of newborn infants. Patients & Methods: Across sectional study was done on 27 neonates with birth asphyxia in AL-Zahraa teaching hospital in Najaf city from period of first of February 2012 to first of July 2012. Blood samples were collected from the neonates within the first 24 hrs. After birth and sent for investigations including PT, PTT, plasma fibrinogen and platelet count.Results: The study showed statistically significant effect of birth asphyxia on platelet count especially in severely asphyxiated neonates with Apgar score of 0 – 3 at 5 min after birth (plat. Count < 100,000 per mm3) in comparison to neonates with Apgar score of 4 – 6 at 5min after birth. Infants who have very low birth wt. (i.e. <1500 gms) had significantly lower platelet count (< 100,000 per mm3) than infants with birth wt.>1500 gmsBirth asphyxia had no significant effect on PT, PTT, or fibrinogen level. Other perinatal and prenatal variables examined as (sex, maternal hypertension, DM, mode of delivery gestational age) did not show any significant association with coagulation status.Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia (plat. <100.000 per mm3) is seen in neonates with Apger score (0-3) at 5 min. and in neonates with very low birth wt. <1500gms). No statistically significant relation between birth asphyxia and PT, PTT and plasma fibrinogen level.

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ULTRASONIC DISSECTION VERSUS CONVENTIONAL LIGATION COAGULATION IN THYROIDECTOMYAbdulameer Muhsin AldarajiMB, ChB, FICMS, General Surgeon, Al-Faiha General Hospital, Basrah, IRAQ.Abstract Ligation and diathermy coagulation was the standard method of hemostasis in thyroid surgery for more than a century. New hemostatic techniques were developed in the 1990th. Ultrasonic dissector used for the first time in thyroidectomy in 1999 by Tokami. Many studies compared the conventional method of thyroidectomy with new ultrasonic dissector technique. These studies found many advantages of the new method including reduction of operative time, shorter incision, decrease blood loss, decrease post operative drainage, shorten hospital stay and decrease complications. This study compared the two methods of hemostasis regarding incision length, operative time and complications. Between March 2012 and March 2015, 143 patients underwent open thyroidectomy involved in a prospective study at Al-Faiha General Hospital. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, conventional thyroidectomy technique(clamp, tie and diathermy coagulation) included 104 patients. Group 2, ultrasonic dissection technique (sutureless thyroidectomy) included 39 patients. The patient characteristic and postoperative complications were reported. The incision length and the operative time was measured. All patients underwent surgery by the routine pre tracheal strap muscle cutting transeversly (not splitting). In group 2, the ultrasonic dissector was used in strap muscle cutting, sealing &section of the blood vessels and in the final resection of the gland. The surgical incision length and operative time were compared in both groups. In lobectomy, there was no significant reduction in the length of incision with use of ultrasonic dissector( z value<1.96)(p >0.05), while in subtotal, total or near total thyroidectomy there was significant reduction in the length of incision (p value<0.05) with use of ultrasonic dissector. There was significant reduction of operative time (p value<0.05) in lobectomy and total or near total thyroidectomy with use of ultrasonic dissector as compared to conventional thyroidectomy technique. There was no significant difference in the complications in both techniques apart from increased incidence of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in ultrasonic dissector technique (9.2% in USDT v s 3.7% in CT of thyroidectomy). This study found significant reduction of the surgical incision size similar to that obtained by Fabrizo who stated that thyroidectomy can be done with shorter incision. This improve patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcome. The operative time was significantly reduced in lobectomy, total or near total thyroidectomy by the use of ultrasonic dissector technique(USDT) as compared to the conventional technique (CT){lobectomy 44 minutes vs 55 minutes, total thyroidectomy 57 minutes vs 80 minutes}. Similar results were obtained by many other studies such as Micoli et al & Siperstein et al. this may save utilization of operation theatre and decrease waiting list. The USDT is safe as far as the complication rate was similar to that of CT apart from increase the incidence of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Many studies confirmed the safety of USDT such as that of Tokami, Micolli, Siperstein etc . In conclusion, thyroidectomy can be performed safely by the USDT with advantage of smaller incision & shorter operative time as compared to conventional technique.

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In this research the impact of utilizing coagulants from natural sources, Aloe Vera, Arabic Gum, Calcium gene and orange peel and compared with alum Al2 (SO4)3.18H2O conventional coagulant was studied. The research was conducted through a series of jar experiments with initial turbidity of 150 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). This value was chosen to simulate the Tigris River maximum turbidity in Baghdad. 10 mg /L of natural coagulants and alum were utilized. The results show that the utilization of Aloe Vera as coagulant aid with alum were better compared with the utilization of alum alone and that utilizing of 80% alum + 20% Aloe Vera gave greatest removal efficiency of 99% for initial turbidity of 150 NTU and that utilizing of 50% Alum + 50% Aloe Vera gave removal efficiency of 98%. This decreased the alum dosage from 10 to 5 mg/L and thus decreased the cost and negative health and environmental effects of utilizing alum.

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The wastewater arising from pulp and paper mills is highly polluted and has to be treated before discharged into rivers. Coagulation-flocculation process using natural polymers has grown rapidly in wastewater treatment. In this work, the performance of alum and Polyaluminum Chloride (PACl) when used alone and when coupled with Fenugreek mucilage on the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater were studied. The experiments were carried out in jar tests with alum, PACl and Fenugreek mucilage dosages range of 50-2000 mg/L, rapid mixing at 200 rpm for 2 min, followed by slow mixing at 40 rpm for 15 min and settling time of 30 min. The effectiveness of Fenugreek mucilage was measured by the reduction of turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The results show that the combination of PACl and Fenugreek mucilage is more effective than alum, PACl and alum + Fenugreek mucilage. It can achieve greater than 97% of turbidity reduction and greater than 98% of COD reduction at low dosage of PACl (50 mg/L) and Fenugreek mucilage (100 mg/L). The results indicate that lower quantities of PACl are needed to obtain an acceptable reduction in turbidity and COD in the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater.

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