Keywords

climate change, hydrological, Habbaniyah

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lakes, water resources, environment, Habbaniyah Lake

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Hydrological assessment, water losses, Habbaniyah Lake

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Distances, The Foreign Body, Shape of The Goldfish Body, Habbaniyah Lake

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Climate Calendar, The Climate, Tourist Activity, Al-Habbaniyah Lake, Tourist Site

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Keywords : Small Industrial Establishments, Sectoral Distribution, Spatial Distribution, Spatial Analysis, Habbaniyah District .

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In this research, the effect of reflectivity on the land cover was studied, and spectral reflectivity from the researcher's point of view is the reflection of spectral waves, light from the targets on the surface of the earth and the targets are either vegetation, water or urbanization, and each of them has a spectral reflection that differs from the other and this is revealed through the integration of remote sensing data and geographic information systems, and to achieve this, basic samples were taken representing the features of the land covers, and matched with the spectral reflectivity of the data Landsat 8 sensor satellite, OLI to find the wavelengths of land cover reflection. When applying the algorithms, the study showed that many of the features of the Earth's surface under study can be distinguished, located and studied based on their spectral characteristics. The study also showed that some land covers cannot be separated naturally using one wavelength, so the concept of plurality was used using more than one wavelength and sensory for the purpose of determining the types of land features prevailing in the region. The values of reflectivity were presented as follows, as they were represented at the highest rate in the rock cover represented by the gypsum desert areas at a rate of, 0.288, followed by gravel desert areas by, 0.257, followed by the urban cover, as the spectral reflectivity of buildings was represented by, 0.248 followed by the streets at a rate of, 0.234, followed by vegetation cover, as it represented the spectral reflectivity of agricultural land at a rate of, 0.148 followed by abandoned agricultural land at a rate of, 0.204. While the lowest spectral reflectivity values were represented in the water cover, as the spectral reflectivity of the river and channels was represented at a rate of, 0.077 followed by the Habbaniyah Lake flat, as it represented the highest, 0.057.

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The research focuses on utilizing the remote sensing data represented by LandSat satellite images captured in 2018, and DEM digital height data with a discriminatory accuracy of, 30 meters, to derive the desert depressions in the western plateau of Iraq, which numbered, 39 low, through the use of GIS techniques in deriving contour lines with a contour interval of 50 meters, then the, Qurery process to determine closed contour lines, it is followed by isolation and pruning of heights, there are quite a few desert depressions, its origin varies between solubility like Sawa, and the original tectonics, such as the depression of the Kara, the Sea of Najaf, Habbaniyah, Razzazah, Salman and Sulaibat, there is also a variation in the area of depressions, some of which are small, locally called, Alfaydat, Such as, 'Am algharanij, Alhulawayat, 'Am faras, Albawhu, Almalih and, Maghitha, others are medium, large and very large. So it is divided into four sections, eight small depressions with an area ranging between, 10000 m2 - 1 km2, occupied an area of, 1.21 km2, the medium depressions its areas range between, 1 - 5 km2 numbering, 8 depressions that occupied an area of, 27.20 km2, the large area ranges between, 5.1-10 km2, which are, 5 depressions occupying an area of, 32.17 km2, and very large areas ranging between, 10.1 km2 or more, which are, 18 low.

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