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Background: Quantitation of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) provides useful information for the evaluation of certain cancers.Objectives:to estimate serum immunoglobulins level before and after surgery, and to shed light on the correlation of immunoglobulins with progression of CRC.Patients and Methodes. By single radial immune diffusion method IgG, IgA, IgM were estimated in 100 CRC patients preoperatively, and in 20 patients postoperatively compared with 35 patients control with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 50 healthy control.Results: The study showed significantly increased the serum IgM level in patients group preoperatively (p<0.001) compared with control group. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in respect to the mean of IgG, IgA, and IgM after surgical excision of the tumor in 20 patients.Conclusion: These finding suggests that high level of IgM might be considered as prognostic indicator.Keywords: serum immunoglobulins, Colorectalcancer cases

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Abstract:Background: Microorganisms that directly interact with the intestinal mucosa are obscured by fecal flora. Some members of the endogenous faecal microflora have a clear detrimental role in most animal models of colitis and enteritis. This is strongly suspected to be the cause of indeterminate colitis.Objective: Determination of humoral immune response and luminal microorganisms in patients with indeterminate colitis.Patients & Methods: The study consisted of two groups: 75 patients groups with indeterminate colitis and control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers. Sigmoidoscope and colonoscope examination were done for the patients group and biopsy were also taken from ulcer lesion for histopathological examination for confirming the diagnosis. Blood samples were collected from them and serum were collected for immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA) levels and complement (C3 and C4) level by single radial immune diffusion method (Biomaghrib-Tunis). Fecal and rectal swabs were taken from those groups, cultured on different bacteriological media. Results: Males more than females are affected. The majority of them were complaining from rectal bleeding. Most of their diseased location was in rectum then sigmoid and ascending colon. Bacteriological results showed a significant decrease in the existence of Bacteroids fragilis (anaerobic bacteria) in patients group compared with control. Studying humoral immune response demonstrated a significant higher level in IgG, IgA, C3 and C4 in patients group and significant decrease in IgM level.Conclusions: Reduction in anaerobic bacteria might be a cause in initiation colitis with stimulation of immunoglobulins production and complement activation to overcome this inflammation.Key wards: colitis, Immunoglobulins, anaerobic bacteria.

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The study included 30 cases, 15 patients suspected with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from margan hospital and Hilla general hospital in Babylon governorate, and 15 apparently healthy subject with no history of RA and were selected as control group. The immunoglobulins concentration of sera were estimated by using single radial immunodiffusion assay . The study showed significant elevation in concentrations of immunoglobulins IgG and IgA in patients in comparison with control group , while there was non- significant elevation in concentration of immunoglobulin IgM in comparison with control group.

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Objective: To identify the Impact of Entamoeba histolytica infection on some haematological and immunological parameters among children in Najaf Governorate.Methodology: This study was carried out in Al-Sadder medical and Al-Hakim Hospital in Al-Najaf Governorate from September, 2015 to March, 2016. The current study was for 90 patients confirmed to be positive for Entamoeba histolytica parasite out of 120 patients of both sexes children and 30 healthy as negative control.Stool samples were collected from patients for direct microscopic examination. Sample from the total number examined.Result: Appeared that age group less than (6) years had significantly higher rate of infection (85%) followed by lower rate was for (6-14) years(55%).Also significant higher differences was appeared between females (87.8%) and males (59.2%) and infected with E. histolytica. High rates of the E.histolytica positive sample contained (trophozoite +cyst) (53.7%) followed by cystic stage (24.2%) and trophozoite stage (22%) It was diagnosed in stool sample examined infection. Showed hematological parameters significant highest in WBCs from (*5.35 ± 0.091) in negative control to (*9.32 ± 0.082) in positive control , Eosinophil from (*4 ± 0.62) to (*7 ± 0.87) and no significant differences were noted with the other a count and differential of WBCs (neutrophil, monocyte, basophil) in all cases of infections compared with the control , While seen significantly lower RBCs from (*5.35 ± 0.091) to (*4.32 ± 0.052),PCV levels from(*37.32 ± 0.43) to (*30.92 ± 0.82) and Hb levels from (*12.62 ± 0.76) to (*9.21 ± 0.21) by these having E. histolytica. Also the statistical analysis showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in immunoglobulin A in E. histolytica infection patients ,While the results showed immunoglobulin E was not found significant in E. histolytica infection patients in compared to healthy group.Conclusion: The study indicated the presence of higher significant differences depending on the age, sex, stage and blood testing standards and immune.Recommendations: Directing parents to take measures to control and Reserve in providing water and food necessary for children.

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ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND:Ramadan fasting is one of the pillaris of islam. The fasting time is about 12-19 hours depending on the season in which Ramadan falls and the geographic position of the country. It is often a subject of discussion nether or not Ramadan fasting confer any harmful effect on the body.OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on some clinical, biochemical and Immunological aspects of the healthy and type two Diabetes mellitus patients.METHODS:The study was performed on (30) healthy fasting and (30) patients with type two diabetes mellitus in the month of Ramadan (2005). Blood samples were obtained on the second and fourth week's of Ramadan and were analyzed for fasting blood sugar, urea, uric acid, lipid profile, Immunoglobulins and complement component concentration, in addition, lymphocyte was separated to study the lymphocyte transformation assay in vitro compared with healthy non-fasting.RESULTS:There was slight elevation in the HDL-C, B. urea, S. Triglyceride, VLDL, S. uric acid and slight reduction in LDL-C at the end of fasting. There was slight reduction but the difference was non-significant (P>0.05) in the value of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) and (C3, C4) also, there was no difference in the sensitization rate of lymphocyte transformation in both healthy and type two diabetic patients compared with healthy non-fasting control.CONCLUSION:Slight elevation of HDL-C and slight elevation of B. urea, S. uric acid, S. Triglyceride, VLDL and there is non significant changes in Immunoglobulins and complement concentration and sensitization rate of lymphocyte transformation. Thus, Ramadan is safe for type two diabetic patients with the proper education of diabetic management.

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Background: Trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is one of the most commonsexually transmitted parasites in the world, accounting for approximately 170 millioninfections annually. Although the factor behinds such incidence is still not clear,local and systemic host immune response is involved.Objectives: Accordingly, the present research was planned to determine the level ofimmunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM) in sera and vaginal washes of women infectedwith T. vaginalis.Materials and Methods: Fifteen women infected with T. vaginalis (culture confirmed) and15 healthy females were inspected for total level of IgA, IgG and IgM in their seraand vaginal washes by means of single radial immunodiffusion.Results: The total level of IgA, IgG and IgM in serum and vaginal wash of patients and controlsshowed no significant difference, with the exception of IgG, which showed asignificant increased mean in the sera of patients.Conclusion: Humoral immune response is important in controlling T. vaginalis, with a specialreference to IgG

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Human leishmaniasis is distributed worldwide, butmainly in the tropics and subtropics, with a prevalenceof 12 million cases and an approximate incidence of 0.5million cases of VL (visceral leishmaniasis) and 1.5 million cases of cutaneousleishmaniasis (CL) Leishmaniaspecies are intra‐cellularparasites invading monocytes, macrophages, and langerhans celland begin the differentiation process into amastigotes, the parasite form which persists in the host. Theirinfection in man induces both humoral andcellular immune responses, but the balanceof their expression varies with the type of the disease. To identify the profile of autoantibodies levels of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, this study showed that a significance changes of immunoglobulin levels as high level, especially in IgG and no significance value for elevation of IgM and IgA.

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Rheumatoid factor (RF) produce in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)disease associated with effect of some environment factors and smoking . In this study, we investigated whether the association between RF production and smoking was influenced by duration of disease . the samples were taken from fifty patients with RA ,that achieved four or more criteria of the 2010 American college of Rheumatology , the sample of control 20 healthy person were used the level of RF –iso type concentration was detect in serum of patients of control group . the samples of the present study were taken from the rheumatology department of AL-Hussein General Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar province from beginning of September 2012 into end of march 2013. The result shown high concentration of IgG -RF ,IgM-RF and IgA-RF (0.227,0.092and 0.245) respectively compare with control( 0.102,0.095 and 0.092). with high statistically significant (P<0.001).Between studied group and control with IgM-RF,IgG-RF, and slightly statistically significant between studied groups(P<0.05). ,in IgA.

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Abstract: The present study was conducted at the Center of an inherited blood disorder in Dhi-Qar Province, during the period from October 2018 to January 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune status of patients with beta-thalassemia by measuring )IgM, IgG, IgA, C3 and C4( complement by used single radial immune diffusion (SRID. The study included a total of 150 patients with beta-thalassemia and included (66 males) and (84 females) and their age from (2 to 33 years). The patients divided into three age groups. The second age group( 11-20 ) years the most dominant. All patients over 20 years have been exposed to spleen removal operations. When compared with similar age groups of control groups consisting of 50 healthy persons, there was a significant increase of serum IgM, IgG, and IgA in all age groups of beta-thalassemia patients. The levels of serum IgG, IgM and IgA increased significantly with increased age in patients with beta thalassemia. The levels of C3 and C4 were significantly reduced in serum in all age groups of patients with beta-thalassemia except the first age group for C4 compared to similar age groups of healthy individuals.

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Objective(s): The present study aims at studying the relationship between immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, IgM , as well as to C-3 and C-4 in brain tumours patients immunity (meningioms and gliomas).Methodology:Forty sera of brain tumour patients were included 20 glioma and 20 meningioma was tested to determine the levels of IgM, IgG IgA, C-3 and C-4 by using single radial immune-diffusion technique and compared with 20 apparently healthy blood donors.Results: The study revealed a significant decreasing in IgG levels in glioma as compare to meningioma and control. The concentration of two other serum immunoglobulins and complement in both meningioma and glioma show no significant differences with those in control group. Recommendations: The study recommends using serum and tissues in molecular level in other type of brain tumour with different grades.

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