Found: 6 resources
Feasibility Study of Power Saving Based on Using EMMEDUE M2 Building System
Abstarct
The present work concentrates on the feasibility of the heat load reduction by utilizing some structural material with very poor heat conductivity as isolators for heat transmission. Average annular heating and cooling load is estimated for a typical building of certain area and design using ordinary structural material and EMMEDUE M2 building system. The basic element of the new structural material is made of a foam polystyrene core that is self extinguishing and chemically inert with varying density and thickness depending on panel type. The calculations are based on the average maximum and minimum monthly temperature in Baghdad. Building heating load could mainly depend on the average temperature difference per each daily hour per year, while building cooling load components are; direct solar radiation, transmission load, ventilation/infiltration load and internal load. Except the transmission load which depends on the same average temperature difference the other factors could be calculated separately.A reduction of 55% in the annual load is estimated per each house using the new building technology. For a district sums up 1000 houses of the new structural design the total saving of power will be 10.45 MW. The saving in heating and cooling cost is estimated based on capital cost of the diesel generation system and the fuel consumption cost. It has been concluded that the passive structural heat isolation is a very effective manner in countries like Iraq which has severe temperature differences between the summer and winter seasons.
Detection of local Bacillus subtilis producing Endo-β-1,4-glucanase Of Thi Qar province
Abstarct
The study included isolating and diagnosing of Bacillus subtilis different soils at Thi Qar province. The ability of bacterial isolates to produce Endo-β-1,4-glucanase was determined after growing on carboxymethyl cellulose CMC medium, Using Congo red and NaCl. Enzyme Endo-β-1,4-glucanase isolates were identified using biochemical tests and VITEK2 as B. subtilis. Isolates were identified using 16S rRNA tests after extraction of DNA from isolates and amplified by PCR using 27F primers (Forward) and 1492R (Reverse) . All isolates in the current study were positive for this gene and the size of the gene for all isolates was at 1500 pb. After identifying the gene sequences and comparing them with the data available in the Gen Bank, NCBI data showed that they were new strains of B. subtilis strain m1 (MF449304) and B. subtilis strain M2 (MF449461) bacteria. Isolates were recorded in NCBI GenBank and were design for each evolutionary tree isolation by Software MEGA6. After the diagnosis of bacterial isolates, the ideal conditions for the production of Endo-β-1,4-glucanase were changed for incubation period, temperature, pH , Incubator Shake, carbon and nitrogen sources. Enzymatic efficacy was determined using of dinitro salicylic acid DNS detector to detect the glucose releasing glucose molecules Endo-β-1,4-glucanase. The enzyme was produced after growing of bacterial isolates of plant culture containing plant and cardboard residues as natural sources of carbon and alternative to costly industrial sources as a source of carbon at a concentration of 1% at 45 ° C for 48 hours and pH (6 - 5) The highest wheat bran and millet bran has superior efficacy over other natural and industrial sources were used as an alternative to the industrial nitrogen source of peptone with a concentration of 1%. The malt extract as the best nitrogen source for all isolates in the present study was superior to all other nitrogen sources. Other sources came from either banana Peel that showed no growth for all isolates. The study aimed to isolate and diagnose B. subtilis producing an Endoglucanases using cheap natural sources as alternatives source to reduce to costly carbon cost of and nitrogen sources and benefiting from biological treatment of agricultural and industrial waste.
PURE LINE SELECTION FROM BREAD WHEAT FOR GRAIN YIELD AND IT'S COMPONENTS UNDER DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES
Abstarct
Field experiments were conducted over three growing seasons, during 2009-2012, at the experimental farm of Field Crop Sciences - College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad. This study aimed to application pure line selection in fifteen F4 segregating populations of bread wheat produced from half diallel crossing among 6 parents .The selection was applied infirst season by using 10% selection intensity, further screening was conducted and selected 12 plants from each population.The grains of individual selected plants were planted in the following year in plant to row method and the best 15 progeny lines were selected depending on yield performance. Varietal trail was conducted in the third season as RCBD with four replications using a split plot arrangement, where three seed rates (120, 160, and 200 kg.ha-1) randomized in main plots and 21 genotypes at sub-plots. The genotypes included fifteen F6 progeny lines plus six parents: Al-fatah, A3103, M2.0, IPA99, A4.10, and Abu-Ghraib3. The results showed superiority of progeny lines S123, S102, S52, S130, S148 and S83 over the best cultivars, they yielded 6.64, 6.41, 6.34, 6.16, 6.11 and 6.11t.ha-1 respectively.The progeny S123 superior significantly to other best progenies in grain yield. With increasing seed rates, there was a tendency toward increasing number of grains /m2, number of grains /spike and grain weight. While, grain yield quadratic relation.Highly significant differences were found among the genotypes under the three seed rates for all traits, indicating relatively high magnitude of genetic variability in these genotypes.
Effect of Method of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application and Magnetic of Irrigation Water on Growth and Yield of Helianthus annuus L. in Salty Soil.
Abstarct
This study was conducted at AL-Bander experimental research station -College of Agriculture- University of Almuthana during 2015-2016. The study included five dose of Magnetic (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 Guss.) and phosphorus Fertilizer aplication (Broadcast, Banding Side application and Banding at Lines). A Randomized Completely Black design (R.C.B.D) was used with four replicates. The means were compard according to L.S.D Test at The level 0.05. The Magnetized water (3000 Guss) M3 treatment highly increased stem diameter, 1000 Seeds weight, yield of seeds and seed proten percentage (21.0 mm , 71.88 g and 5.17 Mg ha-1, 34.66%, respectively). The treatment of P method of application caused significantly increases in heigh of plant, Stem diameter, leaf area and yield of Seeds (96.82 cm, 20.85 mm, 33.56 dm2 and 4.33 Mg ha-1, respectively). P3 banding application was superier over percentage of Protein in Seeds reached to 28.34%. The result of interaction between magnatic of water and P application significantly influenced growth and yield. The P2*M4 dual treatment Significantly increased the leaf area, yield and Seeds protein percentage (40.113 dm2, 5.70 Mg.h-1 and 36.81%, respectively).
Keywords
This study was conducted at AL-Bander experimental research station -College of Agriculture- University of Almuthana during 2015-2016. The study included five dose of Magnetic, 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 Guss. and phosphorus Fertilizer aplication, Broadcast, Banding Side application and Banding at Lines.
Setting-up a 3D Integrated Petrophysical Model Using Petrel software for Mishrif Formation in Garraf Oil Field, Southern Iraq
Abstarct
Setting-up a 3D geological model both from field and subsurface data is a typical task in geological studies involving natural resource evaluation and hazard assessment. In this study a 3D geological model for Mishrif Formation in Garraf oil field has been set-up using Petrel software. Mishrif Formation represents the most important reservoir in Garraf oil field. Four vertical oil wells (GA-4, GA-A1P, GA-3 and GA-5) and one directional well (GA-B8P) were selected in Garraf Oil Field in order to set-up structural and petrophysical (porosity and water saturation) models represented by a 3D static geological model in three dimensions. Structural model shows that Garraf oil field represents a domal structure that shows continuous growth as indicated by the structural maps at top of reservoir units. The structural closure is shifted from GA-3 well to GA-A1P well. Mishrif Formation was divided into ten zones (top Mishrif, M1, M1.2, M2, L1, L1.2, L2, L2.2, L2.3 and L2.4.). Petrophysical model (porosity and water saturation) for Mishrif Formation was set-up from values of porosity and water saturation using Sequential Gaussian Simulation algorithm. According to data analyses and the results from modeling the units (M1.2, L1 and L1.2) are considered as high quality reservoir units due to the high PHIE and low water saturation. Units (L2, L2.2, L2.3 and L2.4) are considered as poor reservoirs because of low PHIE and high water saturation, and non-reservoir units include (Top Mishrif, M1 and M2) therefore, they represent cap units. Cross sections of petrophysical model were conducted to illustrate the vertical and horizontal distribution of porosity and water saturation between wells in the field.
Keywords
Setting-up a 3D geological model both from field and subsurface data is a typical task in geological studies involving natural resource evaluation and hazard assessment. In this study a 3D geological model for Mishrif Formation in Garraf oil field has been set-up using Petrel software. Mishrif Formation represents the most important reservoir in Garraf oil field. Four vertical oil wells, GA-4, GA-A1P, GA-3 and GA-5 and one directional well, GA-B8P were selected in Garraf Oil Field in order to set-up structural and petrophysical, porosity and water saturation models represented by a 3D static geological model in three dimensions. Structural model shows that Garraf oil field represents a domal structure that shows continuous growth as indicated by the structural maps at top of reservoir units. The structural closure is shifted from GA-3 well to GA-A1P well. Mishrif Formation was divided into ten zones, top Mishrif, M1, M1.2, M2, L1, L1.2, L2, L2.2, L2.3 and L2.4.. Petrophysical model, porosity and water saturation for Mishrif Formation was set-up from values of porosity and water saturation using Sequential Gaussian Simulation algorithm. According to data analyses and the results from modeling the units, M1.2, L1 and L1.2 are considered as high quality reservoir units due to the high PHIE and low water saturation. Units, L2, L2.2, L2.3 and L2.4 are considered as poor reservoirs because of low PHIE and high water saturation, and non-reservoir units include, Top Mishrif, M1 and M2 therefore, they represent cap units. Cross sections of petrophysical model were conducted to illustrate the vertical and horizontal distribution of porosity and water saturation between wells in the field.
RESPONSE OF DIATOM NITZSCHIA PALEA CULTURE TO DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND SILICON
Abstarct
The effect of essential nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon) was tested on growth of algae (Bacillariophyceae) Nitzschia palea (Kuetz.) W. Smith under control conditions (temperature 25 ºC and light intensity 260µE/m²/sec). Modified Chu-10 was used as growth medium. The results showed that nitrate was the best for algal growth than other nitrogen sources (urea and ammonia). Four different concentrations of nitrate (15,20,30,40mg/L) as well as control medium which contain 8.7mg/L of nitrate were tested. The highest growth rate (0.55 cell/h) and the lowest doubling time (12.95 h) were recorded in 15mg/L of nitrate. The diatom was cultivated also in four different concentrations of phosphorus (5,10,20,30mg/L) as well as 1.78mg/L of phosphate in control medium. The treatment of 5mg/L phosphate showed highest growth rate (0.57 cell/h) and lowest doubling time (12.75 h). The third essential element (silicon)of the diatom was tested in five concentrations (10,15,25,35,45mg/L) within the control treatment 5.7mg/L. The best for both growth rate (0.83 cell/h) and doubling time (8.72 h) were recorded at 10mg/L. So, new medium was suggested for cultivation of this alga.
Keywords
The effect of essential nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon was tested on growth of algae, Bacillariophyceae Nitzschia palea, Kuetz. W. Smith under control conditions, temperature 25 ºC and light intensity 260µE/m²/sec. Modified Chu-10 was used as growth medium. The results showed that nitrate was the best for algal growth than other nitrogen sources, urea and ammonia. Four different concentrations of nitrate, 15, 20, 30, 40mg/L as well as control medium which contain 8.7mg/L of nitrate were tested. The highest growth rate, 0.55 cell/h and the lowest doubling time, 12.95 h were recorded in 15mg/L of nitrate. The diatom was cultivated also in four different concentrations of phosphorus, 5, 10, 20, 30mg/L as well as 1.78mg/L of phosphate in control medium. The treatment of 5mg/L phosphate showed highest growth rate, 0.57 cell/h and lowest doubling time, 12.75 h. The third essential element, siliconof the diatom was tested in five concentrations, 10, 15, 25, 35, 45mg/L within the control treatment 5.7mg/L. The best for both growth rate, 0.83 cell/h and doubling time, 8.72 h were recorded at 10mg/L. So, new medium was suggested for cultivation of this alga.