Abstarct

Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Iraq, where both forms of the disease, cutaneous and visceral, are found. The effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with mean particle size less than 100 nanometer (nm) on viability and growth rate of Leishmania donovani promastigotes was evaluated. The anti-leishmanial activity of different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 µg/ml) of ZnO NPs was investigated on promastigotes growth rates and viability in comparison to promastigotes exposed to the same concentrations of sodium stibogluconate (Sb) (pentostam).The inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of ZnO NPs were calculated after 24 , 48 and 72 hr which were (0.871, 0.156 and 0.120 µg/ml) respectively with significant (p< 0.05) differences between them ,while the IC50 of pentostam cannot calculated because more than 50% of parasites number remained viable after 24 ,48 and 72hr.The IC50s also calculated on the viability results to determine the most effective concentrations. They were 0.434, 0.361 and 0.182 µg/ml for promastigotes exposed to ZnO NPs after 24, 48 and 72hr respectively, while the same concentrations of Sb in the same periods didn't revealed the IC50s. The results concluded that ZnO NPs affect on the growth rate and viability of L. donovani promastigotes by dose and time-depended manner in vitro condition.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by a protozoan from the genus Leishmania that infect macrophages of many mammals including humans, their infection induces both humoral and cellular immune responses, but the balance of their expression varies with the type of the disease.Objective: The aim of the present study is to understand the effect of antimonial compounds on some serum cytokines levels that include (IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) before, during and after treatment from CL infection.Methods: Eighty people were included in the present study, 60 patients with CL lesions and 20 healthy individuals (control). Patients were diagnosed on the basis of clinical and parasitological criteria. All patients treated with pentostam by intralesional injection. Serum (IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) levels were determined by ELISA using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique.Results: Serum levels of (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) were significantly higher in patients group than healthy subjects (p < 0.05). INF-γ and TGF-β levels were decreased significantly during infection with CL. During therapy with pentostam, cytokines levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). All cytokines levels returned to the normal values after three months of healing from CL lesions.Conclusions: Cytokines plays an important role in the resolution of CL infection. Pentavalent antimonials compounds may have immuno-stimulating effects which may be responsible for its antimicrobial activities.Key words: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, cytokines, treatment, pentostam.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Leishmania are protozoan parasites belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae that cause high morbidity and mortality levels with a wide spectrum of clinical syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the effect of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) drug on promastigote and axenic amastigote stages of Leishmania tropica. From the 20 isolates of cutaneous leishmaniasis collected from patients attended to the AL-Karama Teaching Hospital in Baghdad during the period from October 2013 until February 2014, only three isolates successfully transformed to motile promastigote stage in the culture media. The most active one is included in this study. Different concentrations of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) and pentostam Sb (V) drugs were investigated against Leishmania tropica promastigote and axenic amastigote. The IC50 values of SbV and AmBisome drugs on promastigote were 5.42 mg/ml and 2.14 µg/ml, respectively, while they were 0.88µg/ml and 0.75 µg/ml respectively, for axenic amastigote. The present study concluded that axenic amastigote was more sensitive than promastigote against both drugs, and AmBisome drug showed high effectiveness against both stages with low concentrations in comparison with pentostam.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In the current study, different concentrations of miltefosine drug, which is the first effective and safe oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis, was evaluated against L. donovani promastigotes in comparison with pentosam drug. Direct counting microscopic assay was used to find 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of miltefosine and pentostam against L. donovani promastigotes. The IC50 of miltefosine drug was 45.42μg/ml, 46.76μg/ml and 36.68μg/ml after 24 hr, 48hr and 72hr respectively, In comparison with IC 50 of pentostam drug was 75.39 μg/ml after 72hr. There were significant differences (P˂0.05) between IC50 values of miltefosine and pentostam drugs from first day to third day.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the effect of a drug pentostam on laboratory animalsinfected with diabetes and Leishmania donovani, it is done through the use of criteria blood andtissue sections of the liver and spleen and the comparison group of negative control, mice treatedgroup showed the drug and substance alloxan and infected parasite that there was no significantdifference (p < 0.05) in the total number of red blood cells and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) inthe neutrophil and acidophilus and lymphocytes and recorded a significant decrease (p < 0.05), whilelymphocytes showed moral high (p < 0.05) in the total number of cells, white blood while onlymonocyte and basophil did not record any significant differences (p < 0.05) for all groups as well ashistological sections of the liver and a clear expansion in the Hepatic sinusoids with themultiplication of Cofer cells and infiltration clear of inflammatory cells of the type Eosinophil andPhagocyte showed Lama's spleen observed the amyloid gathered around the white pulp with amultiplication of red pulp with the disappearance septa within the lymphoid tissue and the presenceof giant cell nucleus and the exhaustion of a clear white pulp.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Leishmania are protozoan parasites belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae that cause high morbidity and mortality levels with a wide spectrum of clinical syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the effect of liposomal amphotericine B (AmBisome) drug on promastigote and axenic amastigote stages of Leishmania donovani isolate (MHOM/IQ/2005/MRU15)in comparison with pentostam SbV drug. Different concentrations of AmBisome and SbV drugs were investigated against Leishmania donovani promastigote and axenic amastigote. The IC50 values of SbV and AmBisome drugs on promastigote were10.12 mg/ml and 2.21µg/ml, respectively, while they were 0.77µg/ml for axenic amastigote for both drugs. The present study concluded that axenic amastigote was more sensitive than promastigote against both drugs, and AmBisome drug showed high effectiveness against both stages with low concentrations in comparison with pentostam.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. It is transmitted by the bite of sandfly (Subfamily Phlebotominae). Limited drugs are available for the treatment of leishmaniasis, and the general drug (pentostam) have many side effect on patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for another drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis.This study aimed to develop new type of antileishmanial agents instead of classical drug (pentostam) and investigated the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on Leishmania tropica parasites in both phases promastigote and amastigote in comparision to pentostam in in vitro condition. This study showed the effects of Ag NPs in comparision to pentostam with different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 and 2.1 µg/ ml) on L.tropica promastigotes viability. The viability of promastigotes after 72 hr. recorded maximum cytotoxic effect of Ag NPs in highest concentration (2.1 μg/ml), it was 23.17 ± 0.45 % comparing with pentostam which was 69.33 ± 0.33 %, as well as IC50 was calculated for MTT assay and the result for Ag NPs was 1. 749 µg/ml after 72 hr., while pentostam drug did not show IC50 in all treatments. On the other hand, the study also showed the effects of Ag NPs on L.tropica amastigote phase, and the viability was (3.10 ± 0.59 and 47.34 ± 0.87) % after 72 hr. in the highest concentration 2.1 μg/ml for Ag NPs and pentostam respectively, and IC50 was 1.148 µg/ ml for Ag NPs after 72 hr., but all results of pentostam stayed over than 50%.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Background and objectives: Cutaneous leishmaniasis can be classified into two different syndromes; New World and Old World. The later is acquired in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, or Europe. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of intralesional pentostam with intralesional metronidazole in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods: An analytical observational study was carried out in the Dermatology Consultancy Department of Erbil Teaching Hospital in Erbil city from April to October 2017. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 50 study participants who were diagnosed with having cutaneous leishmaniasis. A questionnaire was designed for data collection, and the size with the degree of in duration of the cutaneous lesions was measured. Patients received three injections of either intralesional pentostam or intralesional metronidazole on a two-weekly basis. Results: The mean ± SD age of the participants was 32.38 ± 15.05 years. Most of the participants were male (72%). The mean diameter difference ± SD after receiving three intralesional injections on a two-weekly basis was 0.7692 ± 0.62017 cm for pentostam, compared to 0.4211 ± 0.62413 cm for metronidazole (P = 0.070).The mean difference in lesion's induration ± SD was 0.9091 ± 0.83121 for pentostam, compared to 0.6875 ± 0.70415 for metronidazole (P = 0.128).Conclusion: Intralesional injection with metronidazole has shown some degree of cure in terms of decrease in the size and induration of the lesions. Although statistically insignificant, intralesional injection of metronidazole was less effective than intralesional injection of pentostam. Further studies are needed with a larger sample size to better understand the effectiveness of metronidazole in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) also known under local names like (tropical sore, oriental sore and Baghdad sore) is the most common form of leishmaniasis. It is a public health and a social problem in many developing countries. The Old World disease primarily is caused by Leishmania major in dry desert areas and Leishmania tropica in urban areas. Recently, metal oxide nanoparticales have been versatile platforms for biomedical applications and therapeutic interventions. There is an urgent need to develop new types of antileishmanial agents instead of classical drug (pentostam), especially, when its efficacy showed a decline towards some strains of Leishmania. Therefore, the present work was aimed to evaluating antileishmanial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on metabolic activity (viability) of Leishmania tropica parasites in both phases (promastigote and amastigote) in vitro condition. This study revealed the effects of different concentrations (2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5µg/ ml) of ZnO NPs and pentostam drugs on L. tropica promastigote viability, which was recorded the maximum cytotoxic effect (25.12 ±1.47 and 40.81± 1.47) % at high concentration (5 µg/ml) for ZnO and pentostam respectively after 72 hr. The IC50 was calculated depending on the results of MTT assay to determine the most effective concentrations of ZnO NPs on the viability of L. tropica promastigotes. The result was 4.318 µg/ ml after 72 hr., while pentostam drug recorded an IC50 value only after 72 hr. which was 4.897 µg/ ml. On the other hand, the study also showed the effects of ZnO on amastigote phase, and the viability decreased by increasing the concentrations and incubation time. So the highest concentration (5 µg/ ml) recorded lower percentage of viability (18.17 ± 0.60 and 36.07 ± 2.68) % for ZnO NPs and pentostam respectively after 72 hr., while the IC50 of the results of MTT assay for both ZnO NPs and pentostam drug was 3.84 µg/ ml and 4.734 µg/ ml respectively after 72 hr.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex