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Cosmetic products must be safe for use by consumers , It is also regulated and required thelegislation of countries all over the world . In this study out of 80 cosmetic products analyzed and32.5% were found to be contaminated .Products such as mascara, lip pencil and eye pencil wereanalyzed . The contaminants including bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylocoocusepidermidis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia which wereranging in number from (103-104 ) C.F.U. /ml and fungi such as Penicillium spp. , Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans which were ranging in number from (102-104) C.F.U /ml . The water and other nutrients present in cosmetic make them susceptible to microbial growth . Microorganisms detected in recent study considered as pathogenic to human.

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The aim of this paper is to determine the feasibility of using fluorometric methods as an indicator for quality and contamination of milk with E.coli bacteria, and selection the suitable wavelength to be used with laser induced auto fluorescence. Three groups of milk samples were used in this study: Fresh pasteurized milk samples, milk samples containing different concentration of E.coli bacteria which were added artificially, and milk samples that were kept in refrigerator for 3-5 days. Thirteen excitation wavelengths were used to get the emission spectra for all milk samples using spectroflourometer .The results showed that the emission spectra at 275nm excitation wavelength gave a good differentiation between these three groups. The data analysis demonstrated that the proposed method can bring progress in identification of milk quality and contamination with rapidness, high sensitivity and low cost diagnostic tool. Laser light at this wavelength that transmitted by optical fiber can be used for milk samples examination in situe and for more precise results.

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Cosmetic products contain variable amounts of nutrients that support microbial growth. Most contaminants in cosmetic products include bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Achromobacter and Alcaligenes. Contaminated water is a likely source of organisms found in cosmetic products. Products such as shampoo, hand and body lotion, facial cleanser, and liquid soaps were analyzed. In this study, out of 60 cosmetic products analyzed, 26.4% were found to be contaminated. Most of the contamination was from bacteria and no fungal contamination was detected. The highest level of contamination occurred in shampoo.Viable bacterial were not recovered from 100%, 92.8%, 91.6% and 89.2% of showed bath soaps, facial cleanser, hand and body lotion and shampoos, respectively. Coliforms were recovered from one sample of shampoos. One isolate of shigella and pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected from two samples of shampoo.

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Acontaminated ophthalmic solutions represent a potential cause of avoidable ocular infection. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and pattern of microbial contamination of eye drops in out patient at the department of ophthalmology, at Baghdad national hospital, Iraq. Fifty four vials from the out patient clinic were obtained for microbial examination after an average use of 2 weeks. The dropper tip and the residual eye drop were examined for contamination. The specimens were cultured, the number of colonies counted, the organisms identified. Eight (15%) out of 54 analyzed vials were contaminated , most bacteria identified belonged to the normal commensal flora of the eye. Isolated contaminants were Staphylococcus auereus, Micrococcus , Neisseria catarrhalis, Gram negative Rods, Candida albicans, and Staph epidermidus.The dropper tip was more often contaminated (n=5) than the residual solution (n=2) and only one vial showed acontamination of both the drop and the tip (n=1) . Our data show acontamination rate of 15%, which is in the medium range of data puplished on the contamination of eye drops elsewhere (0.07% to 35.8%).

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The survival of dried spores of A.flavus, Penicillia Spp., and Cladosporia Spp.inoculated into multivitamins and folic acid tablets were examined at different compression pressures.Survival of fungal spores decreased with increasing compression pressure. The level of survival at particular pressures was shown to depend on the size of the contaminating fungal spores.The lethal effect of tabletting was attributed to shearing forces upon the contaminating spores generated by interparticulate movement. This hypothesis was supported by the dependence of survival upon spore size.

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To identify the cause and the source of bacterial infection among patients of intensive care unit this study had been conducted in Al-Imam Al-Hussein hospital in Thi-qar province for the period from 1st September to end of December 2011 .A total of 320 swabs and samples were collected from 17 different sites of Intensive Care Unit environment and inoculated on a normal cultural media ,then incubated at 37OC for 24 hour . The growth revealed different bacterial colonies which had been tested for their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Sixty eight of pure isolates were obtained including 24 (35.29%) Gram positive bacterial isolates, 44(64.71%) of Gram negative bacterial isolates, the highest rates (19.11%) of bacterial contamination had been found on the walls and the floor . Sensitivity tests for all isolates were done using 25 types of commonly used antibiotics in Iraq, the results revealed that the genus Enterobacter spp. had a high resistance as a Gram negative bacteria, and Staphylococcus spp. had a high resistance as a Gram positive bacteria to most of the tested antibiotics, MIC tests for 5 types of antibiotics were applied on the most resistant and the most sensitive isolates which reflect that all isolates have a low rate of MIC against Ciprofloxacin .

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A microbial contamination of several primary schools (official and private) in Baghdad city was conducted. Sampling was performed in each school from desk, door handle, and hand of students. Out of 113swabs (classes desk, door holder, and students hands ) obtained from ten primary schools, growth wasobserved in 91 samples (80.5%) (for official school 84.6% and 71.4 for private school. The results of recent study revealed that the official schools showed higher contamination levels(130 CFU ) than private ones (90 CFU). Resultes revealed that a total of 12 morphologically different bacterial species were isolated from 62 bacterial isolates,among which gram negative bacteria 40 isolates(64.5%) were higher than gram-positive bacteria 22 isolates( 35.4%). According to the microscopic examination , biochemical tests and API system , the results was showed that staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated bacterial species with recovery rate 10 (16 .1%). followed by staphylococcus aureus 8 ( 12.9 %) Escherichia spp7 (11.2%) Escherichia coli7 (11.2%), Enterobacter sakazaki 5(8%), Enterobacter cloacae 5 (8%), Bacillus spp 5(8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4(6.45%), Klebsiella spp 4(6.45%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 3(4.8%), Streptocoocus spp 3(4.8%), Proteus mirabilis 1(1.6%).

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The aim of this study was to investigate the types of bacteria which contaminated the Iraqi paper currency in circulation in Al –Nasiriyah city, Thi – Qar province. It was collected 75 paper currencies in circulation which included 15 of each one for five category of (250, 1000, 5000, 10,000, 25,000 ) dinars from different sources (fish vendors, vegetable sellers, cafeteria, officers, butchers) .the study was appeared the higher number of aerobic plate count (APC)were founded in denomination 1000 dinar in range ( 40 -900 )C.F.U. / ml, while the lowest number were in denomination 250 dinar in range (20-80) C.F.U . / ml . Sixty five of different bacterial isolates were obtained from 75 samples of paper currency., the denomination 250 was contaminated with the highest number of isolates ,it recorded 18(27.7%)isolates . Escherichia coli was predominated among other bacteria, it was registered 12(18.46%) followed by Micrococcus sp.(9(13.8%)). Streptococcus sp. was registered the lowest number (1(1.53%))among other isolates .The number of bacterial isolates that obtained from paper currency of fish venders was more than that in other possesses , it was reached 17 (26.15%), and the paper currency of Officers showed the lowest number of isolates(7(10.76%)).

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Rice (Oryza sativa) as a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia. Fungi can grow in the rice grains with specific condition and some types of these microorganisms can produce mycotoxins, it is considerd a high risk population because this toxin associated with health effects in order to provide evidence on risk assessment and may responsible for liver cancer. The aim of this study to investigate the contamination level of 100 local and non-local rice samples collected from Iraqi and other countries markets and compared between the results by using pour plate method employed for the isolation of fungi. The results showed that samples from Iraqi markets (different origins) especially imported samples, were contained high content of fungi when compared with non-local samples. There are many types of fungi appeared in the collected rice samples like Aspergillus spp, pencillium spp, fusarium spp, Rhizupus spp, Alternaria spp and Mucor spp, and some samples were contained number of fungi higher than the acceptable limit of central organization for standardization and quality control in Iraq (COSQC), which is 1x104 CFU/g, and that consider very dangerous for the human health.

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Background: The microorganisms can impend the life of health care professional and particularly the dental practitioners. They can be transmitted by different ways like airborne and droplet transmission. The current study was carried out to identify whether the arch wires that received from the manufactures are free from microbial contamination and to determine the bacterial species attached to the arch wires.Materials and Methods: This study involved eighty samples, consisted of two types of arch wires (nitinol and stainless-steel) from four companies (3M, G&H, Jiscop, OrthoTechnology). These wires inserted in a plane tube that contains 10 -ml of (Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tris-EDTA and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. A 0.1 ml was withdrawn from the tube and spread on agar plates. The control groups consist of 16 plane tube (8 tubes with tris-EDTA and other 8 tubes with (BHI).Results: Microbial sampling yielded growth from 5 of the 80 arch wires. The predominant bacteria that isolated were Bacillus spp. No growth was recovered from 75 of the samples and from controls. The bacteria were isolated by BHI reagent and no growth was observed by tris-EDTA reagent with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The Bacillus spp. found only in the G&H and Jiscop companies, however, no statistically significant difference was found among them (P>0.05). With regard to the presence and distribution of bacteria according to the types of wires, the present results clarified that cases of contamination with Bacillus spp. were found in the nitinol arch wires with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusions: The results of the current study revealed low count of bacterial contamination in the two types of companies (G&H and Jiscop). Not all materials that received from the manufactures are free from contamination and an effective sterilization regimen is needed to avoid cross-contamination.

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