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A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive seasons 2008-2009, 2009-2010 at AL-Quba location in the west north region of Mosul city at Nineveh region to study the effect of planting density on the performance of two sunflower cultivars; namely, Mehran and Sunbred. The plants were sown at four planting densities: 41666, 47619, 55555 and 66666 plants.ha-1, respectively. The data were statistic analyzed by using factorial experiments in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that the stem diameter, leaf area, head diameter, number of seeds per head, weight of thousand seed, hulls, fertility percent, harvest index and seed yield per plant, oil and protein content of the seeds decreased with increasing plant density. Increasing plant density cases significantly increase in seed yield per unit area and oil, protein yield. The differences between the two cultivars cultivation were significant in all the studied characters, except protein yield in 2008-2009 season, protein content of the seeds in 2009-2010 season. The higher seed yield of Mehran cultivar was associated with higher flower disc diameter and greater number of seeds per flower disc. Based on what has been presented in this study, could be concluded that the plant density of approximately 66666 plants.ha-1 is the optimum for sunflower crop cultivation, and Mehran cultivar proved be more promising than Sunbred cultivar.

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The study included two field experiments for rapeseed crop (Brassica napus L.) conducted during two winter successive seasons 2008-2009, 2009-2010 at AL-Rashidia location which is far about (22 km) west north Mosul city. Each experiment was conducted according to factorial experiment in randomized completely block design with three replications. Its included three plant population (55555, 83333 and 166666 plants. hectar-1) with three cultivars of rapeseed crop (Kara, Rafal and Bristol).The results could be summarized as:The plant population of 55555 plants. hectar-1 gave the highest mean for characters stem diameter, number of primary branches, number of silique /plant, leaf area, number of seed per silique, weight of thousand seed, and oil, protein percentage in 2008-2009, 2009-2010 seasons, While the plant population of 166666 plants. hectar-1 gave a high mean for plant height in both growing seasons.The cultivars differed significantly in all the related characteristics, the Rafal cultivar come over the other cultivars in plant height, stem diameter, number of branches/plant, leaf area, number of silique /plant, number of seed/ silique, 1000 seeds weight (g.) seed yield (ton.ha-1), oil, protein percentage of seeds and oil, protein yield (ton.ha-1)in both growing seasons. The interaction between plant population and cultivars was significant in plant height in 2008-2009 season only, the Rafal cultivar with plant population at 166666 plants.hectar-1 gave highest plant height.

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The present study deal with the identification ofsome cultivars ofPyruscommunis L.mainly ( Karmen , Konphrs , Zafrane and Willyam) planted in different places of Mosul city . The morphological characters involved ( Bud , stems . leaves , flowers , fruits seeds , and indumentnms ).The results indicates that the leaves and fruits have a good value to separates and identified . The cultivarspalynological study showed that pollen grains differ for shape and dimension in polar and equatorial view and were found to be tricolporate. The results of chemical study showed that (8) phenolic compound were identifiel in all conolicexraction of leaves , They were (Querecetin, Querectin-7- glucoside, Myrcitine, Rutin, Luteoline-7- glucoside , Luteoline , Kampforal and Apigenine ).This resultshowed a good value to identification the cultivars.

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The research was conducted in the house covered by the fiber class of the Department of Horticulture and landscape design/ College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk For the period from September 2017 to April 2018, for the effect of soaking in salicylic acid with concentrations (0, 75, 150) mg/L-1. The corms are for two cultivars (Rosiebee red and Cartago),and summarized The results as follows: The effect of soaking the in the salicylic acid was significantly improved Flowering. The soaking resulted in a concentration of 150 mg/L-1 increse the length of spike(67.62)cm, number of flowers (9.13) and longest day to flowering (18.86) days, two cultivars were significantly different in their growth,flowering. The Rosiebee red was significantly higher in the leaf area (80.15) cm2, the leaf content of total carbohydrates (4.00)%, the spike length(73.66) cm and the number of flowers on spike (9.25) The longest day to flowering was (16.70) days. In the salicylic acid reaction, Rosibee red was superior when soaking at 150 mg /L-1 ,gave, the highest leaf area 81.60 cm2, total leaf content of carbohydrate (4.06%) and longest spike length (73.77), and number of flowers (9.61), while the Cartago took the longest flowering time when soaking at a concentration of 150 mg.L -1 for salicylic acid.

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A field experiment was conducted at Al-Bandar research field, Agric. College, Al-Muthanna Univ. during 2017 growing season to study the effect of fractionation of phosphate fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of Luleo and Turki sunflower genotypes. Six levels of phosphate were applied (P0 = non-fertilizer comparison, P1 = whole soil pre-planting recommendation, P2 = 75% of the ground recommendation + 2500 mg. L-1 foliar, P3 = Add 50% of the ground recommendation + 5000 mg. L-1 foliar, P4 = Add 25% of the ground recommendation + 7500 mg L-1 foliar, P5 = Add 0% of the ground recommendation + 10000 mg. L-1 foliar) on genotypes Luleo and Turki, sunflower genotypes. P4 treatment was superior over others in number of leaves (28.55 leaves. plants -1), the paper area (8692 cm2), the number of seeds in the disk (1050.5 seeds. Disk -1), the plant yield (78.39 g. plant -1), the biological yield (10.31 tons), and the harvest index (40.35). Luleo genotype significantly exceeded Turki genotype in number of leaves, leaves area, number of seeds per disc, weight of 1000 seeds, individual yield and biological yield, by 29 leaves. plants -1 , 8809 cm2, 984.7 seeds, 80.08 g, 74.89 g.plants -1, 10.12 tons. h-1, respectively). P4 X (Luleo genotype) dual treatment significantly exceeded others in leaves area per plant (10106 cm2), the number of seeds (1224.6 seeds), the individual yield (88.99 g), the biomass (10.87 tons), and the harvest index (43.62).

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characterize the olive cultivars to the application adopted by the International Olive Council, and to study the most important technological characterization (size of fruits and stones, their weight and pulp / stone ratio).Morphological characteristics the field tours demonstrated that 19 olive cutivars (Abadi Abou Ghabra, Abadi Hlou, Abadi Khinfsi, Abadi Shelal, Abou Anakeed, Abou Akfa, Abeid Men Umu, Abou Chouka, Adkam, Izmerli, Bnt Al Kadi, Jlot, Herqtani, Mhati, M- Hazam Abou Satel, Um Qanani, Rsasi, Shami, Tuffahi) were planted in Palmyra, and the two cultivars "Jlot" and "M-hazam Abou Satel" are the dominant in Palmyra.The results of the morphological study, which included the fruits and stones of the olive cultivars, showed that a great diversity among them, so in term of their technological characterization the varieties distributed in five groups according to the size fruits and seeds stones, and four ones according to each parameter of weight of fruits and stones and pulp / stone ratio. The cultivars "Jlot", "M-hazam Abou Satel" and "Abeid Men Umu" were distinctive cultivars (according to their productivity and technological properties), making them important table olive cultivars for propagation and cultivation in the central regions of Syria, as a prelude to achieve the surplus production prepared for high quality export.

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A field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields in Thi Qar governorate in Nasiriyah during the winter season 2017-2018 The aim was to investigate the effect of foliar application of seaweed extract on yield and quality of four varieties of broad bean .The design of field experiment was (RCBD) in factorial experiments with three replications in two factors. .The first factor included four broad bean cultivars (Luz de otono – Grano Violtto -local - Aquadols. ( The second factor included four sprayed extracts of the seaweed extract (1, 2, 3 and 4 g L -1) In addition to the comparison treatment in which the plants were sprayed with distilled water only. . The plants of the broad bean that were sprayed with seaweed extract at a concentration of 4 g L-1 were significantly higher in all the traits under study, Record The average of 329.70 g and 2.68 tons -1 and 29.09% for the the weight of 100 soft seeds and the total number of seeds and the proportion of protein in seeds sequentially The varieties showed a significant difference between them in most of the studied traits. The local cultivars exceeded 100 soft seeds and the percentage of carbohydrates in the seeds while Luz de otono outweighed the total number of seeds and the superiority of Aquadols in the percentage of protein in seeds. The overlap also showed a significant effect between the cultivars With the extract of seaweed, where the plants of the class Luz de otono, which was sprayed with extract of seaweed at a concentration of 4 g L-1, significantly increased the total seed yield by 3.16 tonne-1 In the proportion of protein, the superiority of Aquadolus, sprayed at a concentration of 4 g L-1, reached 32.99%..

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A study was conducted to evaluate seven tomato cultivars Red cloud, Imperial, Marwa, Castle Rock, Ginan, Shahad and Heat Master in Nimrood and quare area in Ninevah during 2000 season . The results showed that cultivars differed significantly in fruit length , fruit diameter and total yield , also in TSS , Titrable acidity and fruit firmness in the two locations . Ginan cv. gave the highest value in fruit length , fruit diameter (7.00 , 6.50 and 8.10 , 7.40) cm. in the two locations respectively . Imperial cv. gave the highest TSS in fruits (5.000 , 6.100)% , while Heat Master cv. gave the highest value in Titrable acidity (TA) of the fruits (0.669 , 0.700)% . Shahad cv. gave the highest value in fruit firmness (6.120 , 5.125)kg/cm2 in the two locations respectively . The results showed that Marwa cv. gave the highest total yield , reached (68.76 , 75.68) Tonha in the two locations respectively .

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Seeds of two rice cultivars Amber 33 and Amber Baghdad were presoaked in the chemical mutagen Sodium azide at the concentrations 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mM for 2, 4 or 6 hrs. The effect of Sodium Azid was examined on seed germination, shoot and root length and promising dose. To increase the genetic variation for drought tolerance, seeds treated with the optimum dose that made 40% in growth reduction in seedling height. Calli were induced from mature embryos on appropriate medium and then transferred to a medium containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0% of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) (W/ V). Differences were recorded between cultivars and treatments with respect to the studied traits. Results showed that there were no significant differences between cultivars in respect to seeds germination shoot and root length while these parameters decreased with increasing mutagen concentration and soaking time. Results also revealed that there were significant differences between cultivars in % of callus induction and callus fresh weight when callus cultures were transferred to different combinations of 2,4-D and Kin, while there were no significant differences in callus fresh and dry weights between cultivars with increasing concentrations of Sodium Azide and PEG. Callus fresh weight decreased with increasing PEG level in the medium for seeds not exposed to Sodium Azide.

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This study was carried out in a private of cool store in Mosul-Iraq in 2011. The tubers of 27 potato cvs. Which were harvested in Spring season in Rabia- Mosul/ 2011، and stored 3.5 months (short storage) and 7 months (long storage) at 4±1 C° temperature and 90-95 % R.H. to study the storability of these cultivars. The results indicated: The Voyager variety was significantly increased in percentage of sprouting growth، percentage of weight loss and tubers decay. The Hermus variety was significantly increased in dry matter and starch percentage of tubers. While Ajiba variety was significantly increased in tuber firmnness ،and Ladyolympia variety was significantly increased in specific gravity of tubers . The long storage (7 months) was significantly increased in sprouting growth percentage. Of weight loss of tubers perc.، while the short storage (3.5 months) was significantly increased in decay tubers perc.، dry matter perc.، starch percentage. Of tubers، and tuber firmness as compared with the long storage. Interaction treatment Voyager variety in long storage was significantly increased in percentage. Of sprouting growth،percentage. Of weight tubers، while the same variety in short storage was significantly increased the tubers decay percentage.،Hermus variety in short storage was significantly increased dry matter and starch percentage. In tubers، but Ajiba variety in short storage was significantly increased tuber firmness ،while the Ladyolympia variety in short storage was significantly increased specific gravity of tubers as compared with other treatments.

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