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إن المشاريع العامة لا تأتي من فراغ أو من دون هدف معين، إنما تصنع استجابة لمطالب المجتمع بشكل عام أو شريحة منه في منطقة أو محافظة ما، لحل مشكلة محددة أو تحقيق منفعة عامة، غير أن الأمر لا ينتهي عند مرحلة صياغة أو صنع البرنامج المطلوب فقط. بل إن الأهم من ذلك والأخطر هي مرحلة تنفيذ البرامج والمشاريع بالشكل الذي ينسجم مع الأهداف ا لمحددة لها دونما إسراف أو تبذير في الجهد والوقت والمال، أي تحقيق الكفاءة والفاعلية في التنفيذ (Rosen, 1995)، إذ أن دقة اختيار البرامج والمشاريع وحسن صياغتها ليس هي الشيء الوحيد الذي يمكن أن يعول عليه للحصول على النتائج المنشودة يل يلزم أن يكون التنفيذ بنفس الدرجة من الدقة والجودة لتحقيق تلك النتائج.

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The study aims at evaluating the qualifying session in the University of Garmian from the participants' point of view. The study population, which the study sample , consists of (46) individuals who hold M.A. in different fields. The researcher built a questionnaire form to evaluate the teachers and the session as well. The researcher used the statistical means ;the probable average and the percentage . The findings are :1. Most items that are related to teachers' teaching competence got the highest calculating average and percentage, thus, it reveals that the level of the teachers is good in the session.2. In reference to the items that are related to the teachers' ability to motivate the participants to interact and make teachers focus on the practical side of the material, it reveals that they got the lowest average and percentage ,i.e., none of the items have been attained . This means that that show less interest in the practice and participation in activities.3. Findings reveal that the session attained its aims and all were satisfied with it. With regard to the period of the session from the participants' point of view, it wasn't inconvenient for them because they wished that such sessions could better be held during the summer holiday in order to have more free time to be in line with the material of the session.

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Abstract Objectives: This Paper is an attempt to evaluate the services provided by the private hospitals and to identify the strength and weakness in their performance The results can be utilized in stating conclusion and recommendations to improve and activate the role of private medical sector in society . Methodology: A questionnaire has be designed for this purpose and distributed to ( 132 ) beneficiaries mostly from Baghdad private hospitals . Results: The paper has come out with many important results . Among These are the following : * these who benefit from services provided by private hospitals believe that the good performance of such hospital is not due to the medical services alone but also to scientific aspects . * The results also show that the simple satisfaction factors on the lack of integrated services and not on the prices of such services . Key words : ( performance, evaluation, private hospitals )

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Background: palpitation is an awareness of the heart beat. The pattern of palpitations especially when correlated to the pulse may help narrow the differential Diagnosis: rapid, regular palpitations are noted with supraventricular tachycardia or ventricular tachycardia; rapid, irregular palpitations are noted with a trial fibrillation; and “skipped beats” are noted with premature atria or ventricular contractions. Objective : the aim of this study to determine the causes of palpitation in 200 patients seeking medical advice in baquba teaching hospital –out patient consultation clinic.Patient and Methods: 200patients presented with palpitation at baquba teaching hospital – out patient consultation clinic were considered for this study 85 male(42.5) and 115female(57.5), full history taking, physical examination with simple available investigation and psychiatric screening done for them.Results: A cause of palpitation was determined in 85% of patients. The causes was cardiac in 40%, psychiatric causes in30%, miscellaneous in 15% and unknown causes in 15%.

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Aims: To evaluate different steps of endodontic procedures done by the dentists in Mosul city. Materials and Methods: A dental questionnaire sheet that consisted of 21 questions regarding numerous steps of endodontics starting from pre–operative (diagnostic) phase to post–operative (final restoration) phase was distributed randomly to 150 dentists working in Mosul city. The dentists involved in the study were both specialists and non–specialists. Then, the sheets were collected and the data analyzed. Results: Revealed that there was a difference in performing specific steps of endodontics between the dentists. In some questions there was no great difference between specialists and non–specialists, but in other procedures, a great difference could be observed. This difference was not only between specialists and non–specialists groups, but also inside these groups as well. Conclusions: The dentists in Mosul city generally lack information about some important steps in endodontic work that may affect negatively the outcome of the procedure as a whole. This deficiency can be compensated for by holding continuous education programs in addition to the dentists’ responsibility in staying in contact with the most modern advancements in different fields of dentistry.

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Abstract:Background: Health program evaluation is considered to be one of the scopes of the health system, which is regarded as a scientific method for acquiring information that can be used as an effective tool for health development. Objectives: This study was an attempt to assess the quality of antenatal care provided to women during pregnancy.Design: The study was carried out in thirty-one primary health care centers in Baghdad. The data was collected either through antenatal records review or through antenatal client exit interview. During the period from the 1st of March to the 30th of June 2002, 1860 antenatal records were reviewed for the year preceding the study (1/1/2001- 31/12/2001) and 318 clients were interviewed.Results: The results of antenatal records review showed that the average number of antenatal visits reported were 3 visits (range 1-13) and most of the clients had started antenatal care during the second or third trimester. The overall coverage of various antenatal care activities was good, but still there is a room for improvement.Conclusion: From this study we conclude that the attendance for the first antenatal visits showed a pattern of late arrival and most of the clients had made less than the recommended number of visits and there was a shortage in the provision of certain laboratory tests, particularly VDRL test kits in all primary health care centers studied. Several actions were suggested to improve the current situation.Key words; Evaluation, Antenatal care, PHC

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Abstract:Objectives: The aim of the current study is to evaluate the performance of primary health cane center regarding the implementation of some aspects of school health services.Methods: The study is a descriptive cross- sectional study, the primary health care centers included were (7) primary health care centers, (5) from the center of Baghdad (2) from the periphery of Baghdad. The other part of the study involved a sample of primary school in Baghdad of Al-Karkh district and the pupils included were only the first grade primary school pupils. The study extended for the period (15th October 2002 to 15th March 2003). Results: A total of 2644 pupils (boys and girls) were examined to detect any obvious health problem. Four health issues were chosen: The Bacillus Calmete Guerin (BCG) vaccination scar, handicapped, stuttering, and vision acuity defect, through checking of school medical card, records of primary health care center team visits, in comparison with that detected during examination in the survey.Conclusion: Poor performance of primary health care personnel and low utilization of school health services.Several actions were suggested to improve the current situation.Key word: Evaluation, school health

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The study aimed at determining the level of training form the trainees point of view in general, in each dimension of evaluation, and determining the differences in training level according to trainee's some characteristics. The population included all the agric. extension workers in Duhok who were participated in training courses held at the extension training center of Malta during 2008–2009. A random sample of trainees consisted of 85 out of 242 was selected and the data was collected through a questionnaire after testing its Validity and reliability, and then analyzed by using means, Mann–Whitney test, and kruskal–Wallis test. The results showed that the level of training level was high, and the dimension of trainers efficiency occupied the first rank order while the dimension of training methods and aids occupied the last rank order. Also the results revealed that there were no significant differences in the level of training according to educational qualification of the trainees, years of extension employment, previous training, vocational embition, and the desire to change. The researchers recommend the necesity of using variant training methods and A. V. aids and conduct other studies to evaluate farmers training by using a variety of evaluation methods.

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Testing plays a vital role in the teaching/learning process. Learners have to know what they have achieved in a second or foreign language. Teachers need information about this achievement to be able to assess and make meaningful educational decisions. The field of language testing has been influenced by vast radical changes in many fields. In linguistics, many theories gave rise to studies about the nature of language use; being enriched by work in sociolinguistics, pragmatics, and the ethnography of communication.

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Objective : The study aims to evaluate the nursing intervention provided to patients undergoing chemotherapy, and determine the relationship between nursing intervention and the demographic characteristics of the nurses that include (age , gender , level of education, years of experience in nursing , years of experience in chemotherapy units , sharing in training sessions concerned to chemotherapy , number of training sessions )Methodology: Descriptive study carried out during the period from (January 2013 until August 2014) to evaluate the nursing intervention provided to patients undergoing chemotherapy pre and post nursing care , The study has been conducted on nurses who were working in chemotherapy units in AL _ Amal National Hospital for Cancer Management, Oncology Teaching Hospital , and Baghdad Teaching Hospital . Included research sample (70) of the nurses who were working in units of chemotherapy . Where the data was collected after it was built form questionnaire by the researcher related to the purposes of the study and is composed of two main parts. The first part concerned with determination of the demographic characteristics of the nurse's who have participated in the study through special sheet which include (7) items . The second part consists of evaluating nursing interventions for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy include (12) items. The validity of the questionnaire was examined through (17) experts in the different fields (who have had more than 5 years of experience in the job field). The stability by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient, which was worth acceptable statistically ( r=0.85 ) and data was collected through observation, after it has been analyzed data from through the application of descriptive analysis (frequency, percentage) as well as Inferential data analysis ( Means of scores and Pearson correlation coefficient ) . using the statistical bag of Social Sciences, version nineteenth. Result: The study showed that the majority of the sample of the age group between (40–49) years old, Most of the study sample were Female, Most of them graduates from Secondary nursing school, they have Years of experience in nursing ( 1 – 5 ) Year, Years of experience in units of chemotherapy ( 1 – 5 ) year, Experience gained in the chemotherapy by Working with patients undergoing chemotherapy, and the Most of the sample did not take any training session .Conclusion : The study concluded that there is a strong indication in the area of the creation of chemotherapy and nursing intervention provided by the nursing staff in those units.Recommendation :The study Recommended to organize Special training courses to all nurses working in units of chemotherapy, which include programs for special courses for nursing interventions in these units and designing and distributing a booklet to all nurses who work in chemotherapy units, also increasing the number of professional nurses graduates from colleges of nursing in chemotherapy units.

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