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The corrosion rates of copper were determined in presence and in absence ofdifferent compositions of water-ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) and dioxane binary mixtures. The rates of corrosion were found to decreaseby increasing the concentration of solvents. The percent inhibition range from 10.9 to78.2% depends on the nature of solvent and its concentration. The calculated energiesof activation prove that the reactions are diffusion controlled type. Thermodynamicparameters were calculated. The investigated adsorption isotherms indicate that proticsolvents fit the Langmuir model. The rate of corrosion of copper in presence of diaphragm is less than that in absence of diaphragm due to the prevention of stirring of hydrogen evolved at cathode. The overall mass transfer correlations under the presentconditions have been obtained using dimensional analysis method. The results agreedwith the previous studies of mass transfer to rotating cylinder in turbulent flow.

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, present with symptoms such as thirst, polyuria, and weight loss. The oral complications associated with this disease include dry mouth due to decrease in salivary flow and enlargement of the salivary glands.Cross sectional study conducted to estimate flow rates of resting whole saliva in 150 subjects (100 diabetic patients of both types I & II as experimental group, and 50 subjects as control group) which correlated with age and gender.The subjects were divided into three main groups: control group and two diabetic groups according to the types of diabetes mellitus( I & II).Unstimulated saliva were collected, and salivary flow rate was measured by establishing the time factor (5 minutes), after estimating the volume of collected saliva the salivary flow rate was calculate as ml/min.Results indicated that poorly controlled diabetic patients had more diminished salivary flow rate when compared with good controlled diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Female diabetic patients older than 45 years, revealed a lowered salivary flow rate when compared with male diabetic patients younger than 45 years.

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The study was done to predict rates of wear which occurred as a result of friction process between a brass material and a carbon steel disc was rotated with speed equal to 675 r.p.m. The wear rates were calculated for a dwell time equal to 30 minutes for each case of applied loads of 250g, 750g and 1250g. This research investigated the effects of loads applications on the variation in temperatures which were taken place due to rubbing action at contact area that may play role in specifying the wear rates. These results have indicated the style of wear rates expressed by volume and by weight that may be a guide for the designers when using those materials at similar friction conditions

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Cities witnessing mass-gathering events, such as Kerbala-Iraq, are peculiar in respect to their needs in controlling tuberculosis. DOTS was implemented in Kerbala almost two decades ago. GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay is adopted in the hope to escalate case detection rates, however, its performance is not evaluated yet. Records of 3254 patients suspected to have pulmonary TB whom they referred to the chest and Respiratory illnesses center of Kerbala governorate were analyzed. The overall trends of TB detection rates showed declining pattern over the year before the adoption of GeneXpert MTB/RIF. In the year of adoption of Xpert MTB/RIF, the detection rates raised, then after declined again. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF has added 17.7% increase in detectionrates.In conclusion: GeneXpertMTP/RIF usage had strengthen case detection rates especially for smear-negative cases

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Radiation exposure rates and radiation doses were measured in 174 locations in the WesternDesert. Exposure rates were measured 1m above the ground with NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. Totalradiation doses due to external exposure to the ambient gamma ray in the same previous locations weremeasured with FAG-FH 40 F2. The radioactivity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in selected soiland rocks samples were measured using gamma spectroscopy system based on high purity Germaniumdetector. Then, absorbed doses due to presence of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the samples were estimated. Theexposure rates ranged between (5.0-71.7) ىR/h, while the average of radiation dose due to the exposure toambient gamma ray ranged between (0.7-3.32) mSv/y. Doses due to expose to the concentrations of 238U,232Th and 40K in the soil and rocks of the Western Desert were calculated. The average of these exposuredoses ranged between (0.03-1.84)mSv/y.

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Nuclear emission rates for nucleon-induced reactions are theoretically calculated based on the one-component exciton model that uses state density with non-Equidistance Spacing Model (non-ESM). Fair comparison is made from different state density values that assumed various degrees of approximation formulae, beside the zeroth-order formula corresponding to the ESM. Calculations were made for 96Mo nucleus subjected to (N,N) reaction at Emax=50 MeV. The results showed that the non-ESM treatment for the state density will significantly improve the emission rates calculated for various exciton configurations. Three terms might suffice a proper calculation, but the results kept changing even for ten terms. However, five terms is found to give the most appropriate conditions for calculation time and accuracy.

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The particle-hole state densities have been calculated for 232Th in the case of incident neutron with T=Tz, T=Tz+1 and T=Tz+2. The finite well depth, surface effect, isospin and Pauli correction are considered in the calculation of the state densities and then the transition rates. The isospin correction function has been examined for different exciton configurations and at different excitation energies up to 100 MeV. The present results are indicated that the included corrections have more affected on transition rates behavior above 30MeV excitation energy.

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A field experiment was conducted at agricultural research station Al- Muthana University, during the 2016 – 2017 growing season to study the effect clover bacterial inoculation and different mixture ratios of oats Avena sativa L. (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) with one amount of seed for Trifolium alexandrinum L. (40kg. h-1)] on growth characteristics, green forage yield, dry matters forfour Oats cutting. The results showed superiority of inoculation, which recorded the highest average in four cutting in terms of number of tillers 2241tiller.m-2. The interaction between the inoculation bacteria and mixture ratio combination (75% Oats + Clover x treatment inoculation Bacterial) showed the highest total yield of green forage for 301.20ton ha-1. The combination (treatment Oats only x treatment inoculation Bacterial) gave the highest averages for four cuttings in the number of branch for Oats for 3520tiller m-2. The combination (100% Oats + Clover x treatment inoculation Bacterial) treatment was the best in the first cutting in the average leaves area of the Oats for 140.70cm2 plant-1 .

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Traffic accident data is considered as an efficient tool to identify the degree of hazard at different locations of highway system. An accurate estimation of underlying true traffic accident rate may lead to efficient and economic safety improvement program. Accident data can be considered as random variables that have Poisson or non-Poisson distributions. A regular variation of accident data may reveal to the appropriateness of the Binomial distribution. A procedure to estimate underlying true accident rate as well as optimum time-period of accident counts for Poisson process is available while it is not for non-Poisson process.This paper proposes a new procedure to estimate the upper & lower limits of underlying accident rates depending on the observed accident rate of accident data having Binomial distribution according to different confidence degrees. The procedure includes testing data for randomness and the appropriate probability distribution that fits the data.The optimum time-period of traffic accident data provides a relatively precise estimation of underlying rate of accidents and minimizes cost of data collection as well as the social-economic losses associated in traffic accidents. A time-period beyond five years shows a relatively small decrease in the proportional uncertainty of the estimated underlying rates. Hence, a time-period of five years is sufficient for the purpose of estimation in case of binomial distributed traffic accident data. The developed procedure is a statistically reliable for purposes of programs identification of hazardous locations that may depend on the true underlying rates rather than the observed rates.

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This research focuses on the study of variables affecting the rate of inflation for a number of macroeconomic variables (money supply, exchange rate, budget deficit), where inflation was characterized by much of the economies of developing and advanced countries alike, prompting many of the interested members of the economic side of inflation to guide their studies, to focus on this direction, The increase in money supply leads to a steady increase in the inflation rates, The goal of the research is to identify the nature of the problem of inflation in Turkey and monetary affecting factors which are based on the assumption that monetary changes are the main cause of the problem of inflation in Turkey during the study theoretical framework of the study included the theoretical foundations to study the problem of inflation and access the influential mechanism of the factors affecting the rates of inflation and boosted research using the tools of regression analysis using the method (Oridinary Least Square). The research found a number of results which document the ideas of Monetary theory School that the problem in Turkey is a problem purely monetary problem, according to the estimation and analysis associated this problem with the liberalization of monetary policy and exchange rate regime.

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