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ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND:Preeclampsia, the de novo occurrence of hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation, continues to exert an inordinate toll on mothers and children alike. Vitamin D, on the other hand, has direct influence on molecular pathways proposed to be important in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, yet the vitamin D-preeclampsia relation has not been studied.OBJECTIVE:To assess the vitamin D status of preeclamptic women in different gestational period with respect to normal pregnancy.PATIENT AND METHODS: the present study is a cross-sectional case-control study (2008-2009) At Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital. Includes measurement of serum vitamin D3 in 60 patients with preeclampsia who were classified into two groups according to the gestational age:o Preeclamptics in the second trimester G1: (n=30).o Preeclamptics in the third trimester G2: (n=30,).The results were compared with 60 apparently healthy pregnant women (as controls). They were classified according to the gestational age into two groups:o Pregnants in the second trimester G3: (n=30).o Pregnants in the third trimester G4: (n=30).RESULTS:Showed a significant decrease in serum vitamin D3 in the preeclamptics as compared with the controls (p < 0.001)this was accompanied by a significant reduction of this parameter with advancing gestational age in both preeclamptic and healthy pregnents.CONCLUSION:Preeclamptics (in different gestational age groups) experienced hypovitaminosis D when compared with healthy pregnant women matched with their age and gestational age; this can be explained partly by the reduction of insulin–like growth factor which has a stimulatory effects on vitamin D3 and partly explained on genetic defects affecting fetoplacental unit.The above results were supported by the significant low level of s. vitamin D3; which call for the need for vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy.

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ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND:Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common in patients with End Stage Renal Disease(ESRD). Vitamin D has been found to have beneficial effects on bone, cardiovascular and immune functions. There are little data about vitamin D levels in Iraqi patients on hemodalysis..OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to determine the vitamin D status of Iraqi patients with ESRD on hemodialysis.PATIENTS AND METHODS:This study is a cross sectional study conducted at The Dialysis Center/ Baghdad Teaching Hospital . An eighty four patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on regular Hemodialysis (HD) enrolled in the study from January to February 2013.The basic data of the patients had been obtained (age ,weight ,duration on HD (months), infection with HCV, drugs doses for calcium and alphacalcidol . Blood samples were collected at the start of the HD session from the vascular access for calcium, phosphorus, albumin, cholesterol, uric acid and Vitamin 25(OH) D3 blood levels. These samples were sent for analysis to the Teaching Laboratories at Medical City. Patients were considered as vitamin D3 insufficient if the levels were between 10 and 30 ng/ml , deficient if the levels were less than 10 ng/ml and sufficient if it was ˃30 ng/ml We assess the correlation between vitamin D3 level and other variables tested in the study. RESULTS:The mean age of the patients was 49.8 ± 13.2 years, of these, 40 (47.6٪) were females and 44 (52.4٪) were males. Fifty five (65(٪ patients were infected with hepatitis C virus and 29(35٪)were not . the median dose of calcium carbonate was 1086.1 ± 400 mg per day, The median dose of alphacalcidol was1.9 ± 1.1 mcg /week. Mean weight was 68.8 ± 17.5 kg. Median duration of HD was 24.8 ± 20.8 months (range 2–72 months).The patients were on twice a week (6-8 hours/week) HD sessions.Mean of serum albumin, corrected calcium, phosphorus, Uric acid cholesterol were 3.0 ± 0.8 g/dl., 8.6 ± 1.4 mg/dl, 3.9 ± 1.4 mg/dl , 6.1 ± 2.4 mg/dl, 149.9 ± 39.2 mg/dl respectively .Mean vitamin 25(OH) D3 level was 33.02 ± 7.2 ng/ml. 60(71.4٪) patients were vitamin D3 sufficient, 23(27.4٪) patients were vitamin D3 insufficient and only one (1.2٪) patient was vitamin D3 deficient.There was a significant correlation between vitamin 25(OH)D3 levels and albumin , duration of HD, virology status while there was no correlation between weight, sex ,age , activity, calcium, cholesterol, uric acid , phosphorus ,dose of alphacalcidol or calcium carbonate and vitamin 25(OH)D3 level .CONCLUSION:The vitamin D insufficiency found in about one quarter of patients on hemodialysis while deficiency found only in 1.2% of patients and more than two third of patients had sufficient vitamin D3. There was a significant correlation between vitamin 25(OH)D3 levels and albumin , duration of HD, virology status..

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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health problem in both developed and developing countries. women have higher rate of vitamin D deficiency than men because of inadequate exposure to sunlight and low nutritional intake so put them at risk of many vit-amin D deficiency related diseases and have clinical implications for the growth of children and adolescents, for pregnant women and their offspring, and is important for public health authorities. Aim & objectives: the aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D status of females in Karbala and to identify some risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Methods: this cross-sectional study included 355 female aged 12-30 years in Karbala city and was carried out in primary health care centers which were randomly selected, from the begin-ning of March to the end of July 2017. females were included from rural and urban areas. La-boratory testing was done for all females of the study group.Results: The results showed (87%) of the females had low level of vitamin D in front of only 13% of them had sufficient vitamin D. There was a statistically significant association be-tween vitamin D level among females conducted in the study and economic status of them, amount of milk taking per week, parity and with the duration of sun exposure.Conclusion: the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among females in Holly Karbala City and the sole factors that affect vitamin D level include the following: Economic status, amount of milk taking per week, parity and duration of sun exposure.

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Background: Vitamin D, a fat‑soluble vitamin that now is recognized as a prohormone that recently has an important role in the reproductivehealth. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) had high prevalence worldwide and was estimated to affect about 50% of the population worldwide.Hypovitaminosis D related to several health problems in women such as infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome endometriosis, andpregnancy‑related complications such as preeclampsia and caesarian section. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the serumlevel of Vitamin D in sample of Al‑Hilla women at reproductive age. Materials and Methods: The total number included in the study was500 patients. They were companions of patients visiting specialist gynecologic and obstetric private clinics in Hilla City from first of October2017 to end of March 2018 the patients were grouped into three groups according to their age: Group 1: Patients aged (15–30) years. Group 2:Patients aged 31–40 years. Group 3: Patients aged more than 40 years and premenopausal. The data were collected which were then analyzedstatistically and registered. Results: Whole sample mean serum Vitamin D level 15.85 ± 7.69 and the percentage of deficiency over all thesample was 76%. Regarding the result in each group, Group 1 include 350 patients, mean age (23.8 ± 3.96), and mean serum Vitamin Dlevel (16.16 ± 7.69), t‑test was statistically significant P < 0.05. Group 2 include 119 patients, mean age (35.2 ± 2.9), and mean serum VitaminD level (15.14 ± 7.42), t‑test was statistically significant P < 0.05. Group 3 include 31 patients, mean age (42.81 ± 1.45), and mean serumVitamin D level (14.82 ± 7.77), t‑test was statistically significant P < 0.05. Conclusion: Results of our study revealed a widespread, severeVDD in women at reproductive age with aproportion of deficiency in the whole sample of 76% and proportion of insufficiency 18% whileonly 7% had sufficient Vitamin D Serum level.

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background and Objective: GDM is a common condition during pregnancy which is associated with negative short-term and long-term outcomes both for mothers and offspring. Accumulating evidence links vitamin D deficiency with abnormal glucose metabolism. We performed this survey to investigate the predictive value of vitamin D deficiency as risk factor of GDM and, to evaluate the role of its replacement and incidence of development of GDM. Methods : Cohort study design was conducted in AL -Qadisia City .It included 60 pregnant women with previous history of GDM, and low level of vitamin D at this pregnancy which measured using enzyme immunoassay with cut- off point less than 20 ngml . FBS measured by photometric method .Then we divided the study population into : group1 include 30 women that given vitamin D from 16 weeks gestation till delivery. group2 include also 30 women who did not received vitamin . Result: In our study , low level of vitamin D (MS vitamin D was 11.65+3.23 ng/ml) and normal FBS at 14-16 weeks gestation, the mean age of women was(28.83 +6.03 years). After follow up: group 2 had significantly higher level of FBS than in group 1, 155.77+41.30 versus 110.10+36.86 (P<0.001), and the number and percentage of diabetic patients was also significantly greater in group2 than in group 1, n=22 ,73.33% versus n=6 ,20% (P<0.001).Conclusion: There is a statistically significant positive correlation between vitamin D deficiency and subsequent risk of GDM and in addition, vitamin D replacement significantly reduced the incidence of development of GDM in study population.

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Background: A role for vitamin D deficiency in Parkinson disease (PD) has recently been suggested.Objective:: To estimate the state of vitamin D in PD with an age-matched healthy control.Type of the study: A case control study.Method: The study randomly comparison of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) concentrations of collected samples in a clinical neurology department ward / Baghdad teaching hospital / Medical City and Parkinson disease movement disorder clinic. Participants were registered into the study from October 2015 to October 2016. We was study serum vitamin D level in 40 consecutive patients with Parkinson disease and 40 age-matched healthy controls after matching for age, sex, race, and geographic location. Occurrence of suboptimal vitamin D 25(OH) concentrations in Parkinson patients.Results: Significantly, more patients with PD (62.5%) had deficient vitamin D than did controls (27.5%). The mean 25(OH) D concentration in PD was (18.09) significantly lower than in the control (24.89)..Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significantly lower vitamin D level in PD than healthy controls. These data support a possible role of vitamin D deficiency in PD.

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Background and objectives Maternal vitamin D deficiency is a common finding during pregnancy and is a widespread public health problem in many populations. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D and the current vitamin D status among a sample selected from the healthy women in Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Methods A cross-sectional study was made of 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of 300apparently healthy women (200 pregnant and 100 non-pregnant). They were selected fromwomen attending the Antenatal care unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department , AzadiTeaching Hospital, Duhok, during the period from May 2012 to November 2012.Results The study confirms that vitamin D status is low among pregnant and non- pregnantwomen in a Kurdistan Region population. It is thus indicates the need for screening serumvitamin D levels in healthy women, particularly during the course of pregnancy.Conclusions The study confirms that vitamin D status is low among pregnant and nonpregnant women in a Kurdistan Region population. It is thus indicates the need for screening serum vitamin D levels in healthy women, particularly during the course of pregnancy.

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ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND:Although breast-feeding is highly appraised and widely practiced in Iraq, human milk supplies all necessary nutrients except a few including vitamin D. Despite abundance of sunshine, vitamin D deficiency rickets is not rare in Iraq.OBJECTIVE:We carried out this study with an objective to determine presence, presentation and predisposing factors of rickets in pediatric patients attending Al-Kadymia Teaching Hospital-Baghdad.METHODS:This study was conducted in Department of pediatrics, AL-Kahdymia Teaching Hospital over one year period from first of October 2008 to first of October 2009. Children from newborns to twenty fourth months of age presenting with signs and symptoms of rickets were included and information regarding signs, symptoms predisposing factors ( crowded housing, isolated housing with deficient sun exposure, abundant sun but lack of awareness, malnutrition and antenatal factors ) and investigations was recorded on a proforma. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs, radiological changes on x-ray of wrist joint and biochemical disturbances in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and inorganic phosphorus.RESULTS:Sixty children with rickets reported during the study period. Overall, 40 infants (66.6%) were exclusively on breast feeding. The main clinical presentation was in the form of recurrent lower respiratory tract infection 30 infants (50%), recurrent diarrhea & delayed milestones 20 (33.3%) and seizure 6 patients (10%). Skeletal changes on clinical examination were present in 30 (50%). Radiological signs of rickets were present in 50 (83.3%). Symptoms and signs reverted to normal in all cases after vitamin D supplementation.CONCLUSION:Nutritional rickets is still prevalent in Iraq, presenting with variable signs and symptoms, predisposing the childhood population to different illnesses and skeletal deformities. In the presence of abundant sunshine, lack of awareness of exposure to sun, may be the important predisposing factors for development of nutritional rickets.

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Endocrine Abnormalities in β-thalassemia major are common disturbing complications, that need prompt management. Importance of this work was to evaluate the some biochemical parameters and endocrine hormones related to the pubertal maturity and fertility status in cases with thalassemia. A sixty patients [38 males and 22 females] with β - thalassemia major against 30 healthy subjects [17 males and 13 females] were enrolle . The Blood levels of, Leptin, Vitamin D, thyroid function test, parathyroid hormone, ghrelin, and sex hormones were determined in the blood. Body Mass Index (BMI) was also evaluate. Results showed that besides lower BMI, all hormones assessed were significantly lower in thalassemia β-major cases compared to healthy (p<0.001). Furthermore, the ghrelin/ Leptin ratio in female cases was lower than the values obtained in the controls (p<0.001) .Finally, significant negative correlations, (p<0.05) were detected between circulating levels of ghrelin and Follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH ), Luteinizing (LH) in male and female . The lower values of ghrelin and Leptin in thalassemia β-major possibly constitute another hormonal imbalance which may cntribute to the obstruction of growth and sexual maturation encountered in patients group. Hypothyroidism occurs in proportion of β-major thalassemia patients in the absence of clinical signs of hypothyroidism. Regular follow-up, for early detection and timely treatment of such complications could improve, the type of life of those patients.

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Contrasts in argument about obesity and osteoporosis still concerning number of researchers. Published literatures mentioned many reasons for why such contradictory results were obtained. In this study some of the factors that believed to affect osteoporosis will be considered and investigated. Age of participated women ranged between 42-79 years. Out of 110 participants, 75 (68.18%) were practicing osteoporosis whereas 35 (31.82%) were not. The study revealed that weight and age are not risk factors of fracture. Family history is not associated with osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency and incidence of fractures are found to be significantly associated at p-value less than 0.01. Percentage of vitamin D deficiency in women with fractures was 55.81% while those without fractures was 44.19%.

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