ألاداء ألتنموي ألزراعي في العراق ومشكلة العجز الغذائي

Abstract

Of current realities, turning Iraq in spite of the relative abundance of land and resources, both human and financial, from the area of semi-self diet, to one deficit countries in the world at the present time, reaching the food gap too wide between import and export. I have shaken the balance between food production locally, and the demand for it, and the worsening of the degree of serious imbalance during recent decades. At a time when the demand on the food, and the actual need him in escalating rapidly, the performance of the agricultural sector in Iraq and a modest unable About face growing food needs, where the percentage of reliance on imported food Mn30.7 percent during the years 1969 to 1971 to 64.5 % during the years 1988 to 1990. Where Chiraly recession or lack of agricultural development, the relative progress that has been achieved in the field of agricultural and rural development during the past two decades was not enough, not only compared to the growth of large population and improving the standard of living of some segments of the population that increased consumption of food, but also in comparison to what is available where of different materials, and compared well as completed and performed in the field of agricultural development in many other regions of the world. Indicators that the failure of agricultural development, food and productive and commercially and socially during the last period, are many and varied and that could be clarified as follows: 1-Tracts of cultivated land: the development of an area of cultivated land was relatively slow during my contract eighties and nineties, as a result of the slowdown in the relative expansion of reclamation and cultivation of new lands on the one hand, and the erosion of some of the finest cultivated land was originally a loss By multiple factors, the most important urbanization random and salinization and desertification on the other hand. Has identified the proportion of cultivated land to the land area in Iraq to 12.6%, compared with an average annual population increase of 2.8%. 2-The productivity of cultivated land: They reflect the amount of water the index importantly for dynamic and efficient productive activity agricultural as a whole, they remain weak, especially for cereals, a strategic crops, most important, where we stayed productivity is relatively low, not only in comparison with those in developed countries industrially and technologically , but also for the average level of the global total and even for productivity in the ESCWA region. And that the productivity of our agricultural land is not equivalent to the current level of more than 25-50% of the production capacity of the real to those lands. Despite the relative sophistication achieved by the livestock sector, particularly in poultry in Iraq, but he was unable to catch up with the requirements of population growth and the increasing demand and to provide a rapid At Products animal. The total number of units animal has risen in Iraq that the truth is that the average per capita of those units has declined during the same period, but did not compensate for this decline evolution of sufficient productivity that have achieved some improvement during the seventies and eighties, but it nevertheless remained weak and below the level required and possible. At a time when agricultural imports food in Iraq is growing and growing rapidly impressively, it was the growth of food exports slow and limited, but stagnated in many years of the seventies and eighties and then taken to widen and worsen in the years of the nineties was manifested in the outcome of this in the food gap, which reached very high levels in , 2000. The Value relative to exports of agricultural food prices compared to those of the imports could be a Form The indication of the extent of poor performance indicator performance in the agricultural food sector, where the proportion of the value of exports fell to Imports from basic food groups of About 31.5% average for the period (1970-1973) to about 7.5 % on average for the period (1990-1993).

Keywords

area, semi-self, diet