In vivo histological evaluation of the effect of the topical application of estrogen hormone on wounds healing in ovariectomized rabbits

Abstract

Background: Wound healing, as a normal biological process in the human body, is achieved through four preciselyand highly programmed phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Growth factors released inthe traumatized area promote cell migration into the wound area (chemotaxis), stimulate the growth of epithelialcells and fibroblasts (mitogenesis), initiate the formulation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), and stimulate matrixformation and remodeling of the affected region. One of factors that effects on wound healing is a sex hormonesand one of these hormones is an estrogen hormone. A wide range of cutaneous cell types (eg, fibroblast,endothelial, epithelial, and inflammatory) expressed estrogen receptors, indicating potential estrogenresponsiveness.Materials and methods: Thirty two female New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. All animals wereovariectomized, and incisional wounds were done on the right (experimental for estrogen hormone application) andleft (control) sides of face for each animal, the control side was left to heal normally. Histological assessmentregarding the count of inflammatory cells was performed for healing intervals (3, 7, 10, 14 days).Results: Topical estrogen hormone application revealed enhancement of wound healing by reducing wound sizeand stimulating matrix deposition in comparison to control.Conclusion: Topical estrogen cream application results in significant progress of cutaneous wound healing, leavingno scar or crust formation and can minimize the probable wound complications