An Historical Analytical Study of the Political and Military Roles of the Sons of the Bondmaids and Slaves from the Umayyad Princes Till the End of the Umayyad Period

Abstract

The sons of the bondmaids and slaves from the Umayyad princes did not have the same position of their brothers form the wives of the princes and they were considered as goods to be sold. But some of these sons had important political and martial roles after the death of Mua'awiya bin abi Sufyan. They controlled many regions even they reached to China.