Distribution of powers in the American federal system

Abstract

The United States as a federal adopted since its Established and the announcement of the Federal Constitution، which in 1787 presidential political system، and before the ratification of the Constitution was the distribution of powers between the Union and the States of the three aspects executive، legislative and judicial، where it was this distribution as a message of reassurance by the founding fathers to the thirteen States which joined the Union in the beginning of Incorporation، where applied United States duplication or classic federal model، which allocated different powers for each level of government، and US Constitution created a political system that is based essentially on the principle of [surveillance and balances]، the main goal is to restrict institutions political by giving other broad powers to control them and suppress them if they gone in the use of these powers، or sought to swallow the powers of the other، have been established consisting federal government from three institutions [legislative، executive and judicial] divided powers of each of them in a manner not allowing them the sole decision-making، this as well as to regulate the relationship between the federal government and state governments a way that makes both of them sentinel on the other، and participation in decision-making at the same time، the Constitution has stated executive powers given to the federal government and other to the state governments، and third powers are shared by the two parties، has the federal government enjoyed a range of powers such as foreign affairs and defense and the authority of the war، and the executive powers of the States، the head of the executive branch of the state is the governor، and the governor powers are derived from the state constitution، and are usually parallel to those enjoyed by the President of the United States، the legislative branch، the Federal Congressional full freedom in legislation nor constrained in only as provided by the Constitution of the fundamental rights of individuals and states as not be compromised، however، there is a similarity in powers between the Federal Congress and the Congress every state، including the first: the enactment of laws، and secondly: surveillance، and thirdly: The ratification of the budget ، where authorized US Constitution Congress in financial matters، Concerning the judicial powers، the Congress is Allocated in the first founding congress، and in the first session of his country into regions، and established the federal courts for each region، where its created the Supreme Court، and 11 Court of Appeals، 95 Court area، and three special powers of the courts، and Congress still has the power to create even today the federal courts or canceled، and to determine the number of judges in the federal judicial system، but it does not have the power to cancel the Supreme Court.