الفرض العلمي ماهيته وطبيعته وقيمتهعند جـــابر بن حيـــان

Abstract

Jabir bin Hayyan (110?-200 Hijri) was one of the leading Islamic philosophers. He was the author of many books, some of which have been investigated and printed. Most of his books' the investigators were orientalists such as Paul Kraus and others.He was extremely interested in the chemical phenomena and was regarded as the founder and developer of chemistry instructed by his tutor Imam Jaffer Al-Sadiq. His main scientific thought in his books of chemistry was the thought of hypothesis which was considered by some Arab thinkers as a western invention, whereas, his many texts have proved negatively.Moreover, he expressed the thought of hypothesis in many term highlighting its nature of priority and its precedence on experiment and that the experiment is inseparable and attached to it. This issue was claimed by most contemporary philosophers of science such as Ernest Mach, Buan Carie, Ghoston Bacherlor and others.Jabir bin Hayyan expressed the danger of detaching hypothesis from experiment on science before the contemporary philosophers of science in many texts. He introduced a new definition of philosopher which was unlike the definition of Greek and Middle Ages European Philosophers. This definition is quite like the definition of the trend of scientific Philosophy which was adopted by well known contemporary philosophers of science like Bertrand Russell and others. As a result of this trend, all experimental sciences have flourished and extremely developed. Should the Jabiri theory be available to us in this trend, our Arabic and Islamic situation would be better than today.