The role of chloroquine phosphate on tumor necrosis factor - alpha and interleukin-one in knee osteoarthritic patients

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition characterized by a series ofinflammatory processes. Various pro inflammatory cytokines like interleukin–one (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α) are present in synoviumand tissue of rheumatic patients, so these agents play an essential role inpathogenesis of joint diseases. Chloroquine phosphate (CQP) interferes thecellular function of acid microenvironments such as lysosome, endosome andGolgi's complex, as well as affects pathways of inflammation, immune cascadeand enzyme activity which ultimately resulted in cartilage destruction in kneejoint with OA.