The validity of Injana Formation rocks (Upper Miocene) before and after chemical treatments in Aqra and Dohuk regions and the possibility for using it as a raw materials in manufacturing of engineering bricks

Abstract

This study deals with the improvment and evaluation of the physical and textural characteristics of claystones and sandstones within the Injana Formation (Upper Miocene) in Aqra and Dohuk regions and the possibility of using as a raw materials in the manufacturing for engineering bricks, instead of the recent sediment of flood plain after a sequnce of laboratory chemical treatments, involved washing with water, dilute acid and mixed with sandstones which are washed and treated with dilute acid also, which involved in the same Formation. The process of washing of sandstones and claystones mixing with certine percentage, and made groups of cubes with dimention of (5 x 5 x 5) cm and (7× 3.72×2.5) cm after that pottered with different temperature in order to find the better percentage of mixture and temperture and the period of typical maturity for this mixture beginning from 600 to 1100 Cº. The results of this study revieled that the clayey sediment within the Injana Formation in Aqra and Dohuk regions can be used as a raw materials for the manufacturing for engineering bricks type (B) according to Iraqi standard specification No. 25 for 1993.The best percentage of the mixture, temperature and time maturity are (10%) sand , (1100) Cº and two hours respectively for the two regions