Effect of Plant growth regulators and planting dates on seed yield fixed and Volatile oil in Nigella sativa L.

Abstract

The aim of this study in to determine the influence of growth regulators and date of planting on the qualitative and quantitative fixed and essential oil of Nigella sativa L. A field experiment was conducted during the season of 2003/2004 at the farm of field crops Department, College of Agriculture University of Baghdad,. The trial was carried out by using the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) in a split plot arrangement, of three replicates and 200000 plant/ha Density. The experiment included three planting dates 1/11, 15/11 and 1/12/2003 in the main plot and spray of water and three growth regulators : coconut milk , Gibberellic Acid ( GA3) and Ethiphon ( 100000 µ/ml , 100 mgm /ml and 1000 mg/ml respectively ) in the sub plot .Traits of seeds plant and studied; the fixed oil was evaluated by continuous extraction and the essential oil by water distillation. All growth regulators led to increase the seeds. Fixed oil and essential oil due to the yield kg/ha of the increase coconut milk , GA3 and Ethiphon respectively as compared with water spray . The effect of coconut milk, GA3, Ethiphon on the quantity yield of seeds, fixed oil+ essential oil, 666.4, 629.3, 596.0 and 434.8 kg/ha, 140.3, 117.6, 120.7 and 72.4 kg/ha. And the essential oil yield 1.84, 1.57, 1.17 and 1.19 Liter/ha respectively. Results showed increase in plant yield, fixed and essential oil yield and fixed oil percentage when compare water spray with the three growth regulators, GA3 only increase seed weight, Coconut milk increase oil percentage while GA3 and Ethiphon decrease it. The date of Planting influenced most of the treats significantly the plant yield. The first date of Planting on (1/11) Gave the highest values of seed yield and highest yield and percentage of fixed and essential oil 684.9 kg/ha, 140.1 kg/ha, and 2.4 L/ha respectively .While planting on (1/12) gave the lowest values 471.1 kg/ha and 0.61 L/ha respectively. Combination coconut milk and planting on (1/11) gave highest seed yield 858.6 kg/ha , fixed oil yield and percentage 210.00 kg/ha and essential oil yield 2.91 L/ha .