Abstract

The major part of the exposed anticline of Jabal Ain Al – Safra consists of Pila Spi Formation (M.U.Eocene) and contains five water springs (Ain Al– Safra, Squf, karawan, Semmak Baadra). The Pila Spi rocks consist of different proportions of calcite and dolomite at different areas, within the eastern limb of Jabal Ain Al– Safra anticline. Grain size, joints densities and fractures are also different. The present study has concluded that Ain Al– Safra waters compared with other spring waters within the area have high concentration of the ions of (Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co ) especially manganese (Mn).this is possibly because the under ground waters before reaching Ain Al– Safra spring pass through relatively thick gently dipping rocks, rich in calcite and have fine grain size and also pass tow layers of marl interbedded with carbonate rocks.These conditions plus the pressure of CO2 and the effect of the (pH) value allow water to dissolve carbonate minerals and becomes relatively enriched in the above ions.

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