A study to compare the efficiency of different instrumentation systems for cleaning oval-shaped root canals (An in vitro study)

Abstract

Background: Proper cleaning and shaping of the whole root canal space have been recognized as a realchallenge, particularly in oval-shaped canals.This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate and compare theefficiency of different instrumentation systems in removing of dentin debris at three thirds of oval-shaped root canalsand to compare the percentage of remaining dentin debris among the three thirds for each instrumentation system.Materials and methods: Fifty freshly extracted human mandibular molars with single straight oval-shaped distal rootcanals were randomly divided into five groups of ten teeth each. Group One: instrumentation with ProTaperUniversal hand instruments, Group Two: instrumentation with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments, Group Three:instrumentation with Revo-Srotary instruments, Group Four: instrumentation withTwisted rotary files and Group Five:instrumentation with Self-Adjusting Files (SAF). Sodium hypochlorite (3%) was used as an irrigant for all groups. Aftercanals preparation, the roots were split longitudinally and photographed with a professional digital camera. Theimages of root sections were then magnified to 100x and the percentage of remaining dentin debris calculated forthe apical, middle and coronal thirds by dividing the pixels occupied by debris at each third by the total pixelsrepresenting the entire area of the canal using Adobe Photoshop CS6. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVAand LSD at 1% and 5% significant levels.Results: Both ProTaper hand and ProTaper rotary files resulted in significantly cleaner canals than Revo-S and Twistedrotary files at the middle and coronal thirds. The Self-Adjusting Files produced significantly cleaner canals at thethree thirds than all the other groups. The coronal and middle thirds showed a greater amount of remaining dentindebris than the apical third for all groups except a non-significant difference found between the apical and middlethirds in SAF group.Conclusion: The Self-Adjusting Files allowed more efficient cleaning of oval-shaped root canals than hand androtary instruments