Relationship of maximum bite force with craniofacial morphology, body mass and height in an Iraqi adults with different types of malocclusion

Abstract

Background: Information concerning the maximum bite force in human population is important to clinicalorthodontics. Additionally, the influence of bite force on the vertical stability of any treatment result is important. Thenew position of the dentition should be compatible with the dynamics of the muscular and occlusal forces in allplanes. This study was conducted to 1) to measure and compare maximum bite force, body height and weightamong normal occlusion and malocclusion groups (cl I,cl II,cl III) in both gender 2) to evaluate the correlationbetween bite force and craniofacial morphology, body height and weight.Materials and Methods: The sample consists of 100 Iraqi adult subjects aged 18-25 years. It was classified in to fourgroups: cl I normal occlusion, cl I malocclusion, cl II malocclusion, and cl III malocclusion according to(skeletal) thevalue of ANB angle and (dental)the Angle classification. Each group consist of 25 (13 male, 12 female), Maximumbite force was measured by a digital device (GM10, Naganokeiki, Japan) by putting the sensor part of occlusalforce meter on first molar region, body height and weight were measured by using the Length and WeightMeasuring Standard (Tanita, 2008) and craniofacial measurements were achieved by analysis of lateralcephalometric radiographResults: The highest mean value of maximum bite force was found in normal occlusion followed by class IImalocclusion and then class I malocclusion and the lowest value was found in class III malocclusion, class I skeletalrelationship (cl I normal occlusion & cl I malocclusion group) had larger values of body weight when compared withskeletal class II& class III .Regarding the gender, mean values of maximum bite force and body height are higher inmale than female in normal occlusion and malocclusion groups, There is a positive correlation between maximumbite force and body height and weight in normal occlusion and class I malocclusion ,there is a positive correlationbetween maximum bite force and palatal plane, Ramus plane, mandibular plane, posterior facial height, cranialbase, dentoalveolar height, while there is a negative correlation with anterior facial height, Gonial angle, SN-Mp¢ª,PPMP&SN-PP¢ª angles.Conclusion: The normal occlusion group had larger values of bite force than malocclusion group,the maximum biteforce, body height is gender related, larger body build up was usually associated with larger bite force in class Iskeletal relationship, Individuals with characteristics of larger maxilla ,larger mandible, larger cranial base ,shortanterior facial height long posterior facial height, flat mandibular plane had the largest value of bite force.