The effect of the orientation by sunshine on the urban development of commercial streets in Baghdad

Abstract

Cities where Built at dry hot reign with variety of its land use and the environmental factor was very important in the urban planning of these cities , Main pathways and markets were in shadow which make efficacy use of these pathways , So in the contemporary Iraqi cities we found that the environmental factor was forgotten in the design of commercial streets which cause many negative phenomena like delay in renovation of these streets and change from residence to commercial use , The research was treated with this phenomenon at its problem which is :There is a difficulty in appointing the reasons of renovation of some commercial streets faster than others in the hot and dry lands such as Baghdad. Then the research goal was recognize the reasons which cause this phenomenon and solving methods , thus the research thesis was the environmental factors specially orientation was the most important factor in efficacy of the use and renovation of commercial streets. Fore investigate of this thesis we have been took Three streets in Baghdad which is Palestine street (South-east to North-west), Karrada street (North to south)&New Baghdad street (North-east to South-west) orientation ,We look from this sample that the shaded edges in the morning (8-12AM)had a density of pedestrian ,thus pedestrian take the same way in other times for shopping in a day which motivate the owners to change their demesnes to commercial use and renovate their building