Quantitative detection and correlation of Epstein - Barr Virus in plasma with gingivitis and severity of chronic periodontitis by using real-time polymerase chain reaction technique

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to detect EBV quantitatively in plasma using real-time polymerase chain reactiontechnique in chronic periodontitis and gingivitis patients and to compare the finding with control subjects (healthyperiodontium) and to investigate the relationship between the presence of EBV & the severity of periodontaldiseases using the clinical periodontal parameters (PLI ,GI , BOP ,PPD and CAL) between each of (chronicperiodontitis and gingivitis) patients and compare with control (healthy periodontium) subjects .Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of (101) individual of both genders, (61) chronic periodontitispatients which were subdivided into (mild, moderate & severe) depending on the scores of clinical attachmentlevel, (20) gingivitis patients and (20) control subjects (healthy periodontium) with age ranged from (30-50) years. Allthe groups were without any history of systemic diseases. Clinical periodontal parameters used in this study were (PLI,GI , BOP ,PPD and CAL) .Blood samples were collected from all individuals and examined by Real-Time PCRtechnique for the detection of EBV.Results: The result of comparison for the occurrence of EBV among study and control groups according to sequentialresponding of EBV appears to be highly significant at negative level of EBV, significant in (100 - 500 copy/105 cells)level and the results of leftover levels appear non significant difference. The result of correlation between the actualoccurrence of EBV and PPD scores in severe chronic periodontitis subgroup appears to be significant at PPD score(1) and non significant at scores (2&3). The correlations between EBV and PPD scores in moderate and mild chronicperiodontitis subgroups appear to be non significant with all scores. The results of correlation between EBV and CALparameter appear to be non significant among all scores of chronic periodontitis subgroup. Concerning plaqueindex, the correlation appears to be significant in mild chronic periodonttis subgroup and highly significant in controlgroup. In case of gingival index, the correlation appears to be significant in severe chronic periodontitis subgroupand control group .The result of correlation with (B.O.P. score 1) appears to be highly significant in severe subgroup ofchronic periodontitis group and significant in gingivitis group, while in case of (B.O.P. score 0), the correlationappears to be significant only in severe chronic periodonttis subgroup.Conclusions: The present findings revealed that there may be an association between EBV infection and the severityof periodontal diseases and thus coinfection with EBV may play a role in increase destruction of periodontal tissues