Histological Evaluation of Effect of beta-Tricalcium Phosphate on Bone healing in Alloxan-Induced diabetes

Abstract

Background: Improved glucose level control with insulin injections have allowed for the diabetic population to livelonger and healthier lives. Unfortunately diabetes remains a worldwide epidemic disease with multiple healthimplications. Specifically, its effects upon fracture healing are compromised in diabetics with as high as 87% recoverydelay relative to “healthy” counterparts. Current medical treatments for bone injuries have been largely focused onreplacing the lost bone with allogenic or autogenous bone grafts, beta-tricalcium phosphate (β -TCP), a ceramicalloplast, has interconnected system of micropores, has been widely used as a biologically safe osteoconductivebone substitute. The aim of this study was histological evaluation of effect of topical application of β –TCP on bonehealing of diabetic rabbit.Materials and methods: Sixty New Zealand rabbits used in this study were divided into three groups for four healingintervals the experimental groups were: 1-Control group(C).2-Diabetic rabbits received insulin treatment regardedas controlled diabetes mellitus (CDM)group.3-Diabetic rabbits did not receive any treatment regarded asuncontrolled diabetes mellitus (UDM)group. All animals subjected to surgical operation in right tibia, creating bonedefect 3mm in depth and 4mm in diameter filled with β-Tricalcium Phosphate. Animals' scarifications were done in 5day, 2, 4 and 6 weeks durations. Routine processing and sectioning technique was performed for histologicalevaluation.Results: Histological findings indicated that bone defects in control(C) and controlled diabetes mellitus (CDM) groupsshowed early bone formation, mineralization and maturation in comparison to healing of uncontrolled diabetesmellitus (UDM) group. Histomorphometric analysis for all bone parameters examined in this study, showed variation insignificance among all groups in different durations.Conclusion: The study revealed that application of β-TCP was more effective in enhancement of bone regenerationand in acceleration of bone healing process in controlled diabetes as compared to the uncontrolled one.