Assessment of dental implant stability during healing period and determination of the factors that affect implant stability by means of resonance frequency analysis (Clinical study)

Abstract

Background: Implant stability is considered one of the most important factors affecting healing and successfulosseointegration of dental implants. The aims of the study were to measure the implant stability quotient (ISQ) valuesduring the healing period and to determine the factors that affect implant stability.Materials and methods: Thirty patients enrolled in the study (17 female, 13 male). They received 44 Implantium®Dental Implants located as the following: 22 implants in maxillary jaw, 22 implants in mandibular jaw from them 17implants in anterior segment and 27 in posterior segment. The bone density determined using interactive CT scanand classified according to the Misch bone density classification (29 implants in (D3), 15 implants in (D4)). Resonancefrequency analysis was used for direct measurement of implant stability on the day of implant placement and 8, 16and 24 weeks after implant placement.Results: The lowest mean of average ISQ was at the 8th week (69.5) and then the mean increased to reach at the 24thweek (76.8). Mandibular implants showed significantly higher ISQ values than maxillary implants. Implants placed inthe posterior segment of the jaw had significantly higher ISQ values than implants in the anterior segment. Asignificant, positive linear correlation was observed between the implant diameter and the implant stability (r=0.343p<0.001).Conclusion: Resonance frequency analysis was non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting changes in implantstability during the healing period. The factors that affect implant stability were implant diameter and implantlocation (maxilla mandible, anterior posterior).