تأميم النفط الايراني – وأزمة الاتفاق النفطي 1951 – 1954

Abstract

Mossadegh government achieved the largest step on the internal level, which is the nationalization of the Iranian oil and achieve the aspirations of the Iranian people, but it was not bear in mind that the nationalization will enter the great economic crisis on the internal and external level, events pass and formed a major political turning point on the external level, and formed a global crisis because of the Iranian government refusal for intervention of British oil companies in their internal affairs. The Iranian oil issue raised the zeal of Iranian people to continue challenging the Anglo-Iranian company and prevent it from working in Iran, but the company brought the case to the International Court of Justice in the Hague, which acknowledged that it an interior issue and can not deal with it, which gave great courage to Mossadegh to continue to work towards the Iranian oil independence from British domination, and Britain does not stand idly but alluded to military action in the beginning, but it realized that military action would force the intervention of third parties, including Russia, so it stayed on the diplomatic policy and the use of reason and logic in solution to this crisis, and tried to achieve their interests to send delegations and proposals that would resolve the issue but in front of the Iranian rejection that stunned the British. The United States of America intervened and it want to share their companies in the Iranian oil and to convince the Iranian government for a waiver of certain conditions, but with the departure of Mossadegh from the political stage and the return of the Shah to power and the formation of the first government, Britain has breathed sigh of relief and realized that the crisis is nearing the breakthrough but did not realize that the Iranian patriotism remained even with the departure of Mossadegh from the government and the Iranian government did not waive its right of national wealth, but in front of the economic crisis that the country suffered and the US encouragement to supply the Iranian government loans as well as Britain's agreement to resume negotiations between them and the Iranian side but it astonished with the conditions put forward by the Iranian delegation and realized that Iranian oil remained elusive but its recent attempts and American encouragement in the establishment of the consortium and the participation of foreign companies in Iranian oil for compensation Anglo-Iranian company by these companies gave hope for Britain and its company for approval of the Iranian conditions and do not forget the role played by Ali Amini commander of the negotiating team, who waive of certain conditions and insisted on the other gave a breakthrough to the crisis by signing the agreement between the two sides on the consent of all parties.